Search results for "MICE"
showing 10 items of 6027 documents
Critical micellisation density: a SAS structural study of the unimer–aggregate transition of block-copolymers in supercritical CO2
2000
In this paper we report a SANS investigation of micelle formation by fluorocarbon-hydrocarbon block copolymers in supercritical CO2 (scCO2) at 313K. A sharp unimer-micelle transition is obtained due to the tuning of the solvating ability of scCO2 by profiling pressure. At high pressure the copolymer is in a monomeric state with a random coil structure. By lowering the pressure aggregates are formed with the hydrocarbon segments forming the core and the fluorocarbon segments forming the corona of spherical aggregates. This aggregateunimer transition is driven by the gradual penetration of CO2 molecules toward the core of the aggregate and is critically related to the density of the solvent, …
CEND1 and NEUROGENIN2 Reprogram Mouse Astrocytes and Embryonic Fibroblasts to Induced Neural Precursors and Differentiated Neurons
2015
Summary Recent studies demonstrate that astroglia from non-neurogenic brain regions can be reprogrammed into functional neurons through forced expression of neurogenic factors. Here we explored the effect of CEND1 and NEUROG2 on reprogramming of mouse cortical astrocytes and embryonic fibroblasts. Forced expression of CEND1, NEUROG2, or both resulted in acquisition of induced neuronal cells expressing subtype-specific markers, while long-term live-cell imaging highlighted the existence of two different modes of neuronal trans-differentiation. Of note, a subpopulation of CEND1 and NEUROG2 double-transduced astrocytes formed spheres exhibiting neural stem cell properties. mRNA and protein exp…
Aberrant methylation patterns at the two-cell stage as an indicator of early developmental failure
2002
The fertilized mouse egg actively demethylates the paternal genome within a few hours after fertilization, whereas the maternal genome is only passively demethylated by a replication-dependent mechanism after the two-cell stage. This evolutionarily conserved assymetry in the early diploid mammalian embryo may have a role in methylation reprogramming of the two very different sets of sperm and egg chromatin for somatic development and formation of totipotent cells. Immunofluorescence staining with an antibody against 5-methylcytosine (MeC) showed that the incidence of abnormal methylation patterns differs between mouse two-cell embryos from superovulated females, nonsuperovulated matings, an…
The NUPR1/p73 axis contributes to sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma
2021
The multikinase inhibitor sorafenib was the first drug approved by the FDA for treating patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, sorafenib resistance remains a major challenge for improving the effectiveness of HCC treatment. Previously, we identified several genes modulated after sorafenib treatment of human HCC cells, including the stress-inducible nuclear protein 1 (NUPR1) gene. Multiple studies have shown that NUPR1 regulates autophagy, apoptosis, and chemoresistance. Here, we demonstrate that treatment of HCC cells with sorafenib resulted in the activation of autophagic flux. NUPR1 knock-down (KD) in HCC cells was associated with increased p62 expression, suggest…
A systems biology perspective on cholangiocellular carcinoma development: focus on MAPK-signaling and the extracellular environment.
2008
Background/Aims Multiple genes have been implicated in cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCC) development. However, the overall neoplastic risk is likely associated with a much lower number of critical physiological pathways. Methods To investigate this hypothesis, we extracted all published genetic associations for the development of CCC from PubMed (genetic association studies, but also studies associating genes and CCC in general, i.e. functional studies in cell lines, genetic studies in humans, knockout mice etc.) and integrated CCC microarray data. Results We demonstrated the MAPK pathway was consistently enriched in CCC. Comparing our data to genetic associations in HCC often successfully …
Sorafenib perpetuates cellular anti-cancer effector functions by modulating the cross talk between macrophages and natural killer cells.
2012
Alternatively polarized macrophages (Mϕ) shape the microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and temper anticancer immune responses. We investigated if sorafenib alters the HCC microenvironment by restoring classical macrophage polarization and triggering tumor-directed natural killer (NK) cell responses. In vivo experiments were conducted with sorafenib (25 mg/kg)-treated C57BL/6 wildtype as well as hepatitis B virus (HBV) and lymphotoxin transgenic mice with and without HCC. Monocyte-derived Mϕ or tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) isolated from HCC tissue were treated with sorafenib (0.07-5.0 μg/mL) and cocultured with autologous NK cells. Mϕ and NK cell activation was analyzed …
Role of Wood Macromolecules on Selective Sorption of Phenolic Compounds by Wood
2008
Wood is a complex structure of various macromolecules, mainly cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Although the sorption process of some organic compounds by wood has been elucidated, the relative contribution of its different fractions in the sorption mechanism is not clearly determined. Certain works predict the amount of organic compounds sorbed on wood as a direct relationship to its lignin fraction. All wood macromolecules, however, seem to have the capacity to sorb organic compounds. Sorption of phenolic compounds on individual wood macromolecules has been studied and compared to that on wood. Wood-water partition coefficients ( K wood) for phenolic volatiles and their sorption rates…
Profiling of lipid species by normal-phase liquid chromatography, nanoelectrospray ionization, and ion trap–orbitrap mass spectrometry
2013
Detailed analysis of lipid species can be challenging due to their structural diversity and wide concentration range in cells, tissues, and biofluids. To address these analytical challenges, we devised a reproducible, sensitive, and integrated lipidomics workflow based on normal-phase liquid chromatography-Fourier transform mass spectrometry (LC-FTMS) and LC-ITMS(2) (ion trap tandem mass spectrometry) for profiling and structural analysis of lipid species. The workflow uses a normal-phase LC system for efficient separation of apolar and polar lipid species combined with sensitive and specific analysis powered by a chip-based nanoelectrospray ion source and a hybrid ion trap-orbitrap mass sp…
2-D differential membrane proteome analysis of scarce protein samples
2006
Proteome studies with small sample amounts are difficult to perform, especially when membrane proteins are the focus of interest. In our study a new method for the analysis of scarce membrane protein samples combining large gel 2-D-CTAB/SDS-PAGE with fluorescence dye saturation labelling (satDIGE) was developed, allowing a highly sensitive differential analysis of different cell states. After Triton X-114 phase partitioning, enriched membrane protein samples of T cells were labelled at cysteine residues using fluorescence dyes and separated by large gel 2D-CTAB/SDS-PAGE. For a differential analysis 3 mug protein was found to be sufficient to detect proteins in a widespread well-separated di…
Surfactant self-assembly in the gas phase: Bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate- alkaline metal ion aggregates
2008
Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted for systems in vacuo consisting of n AOT anions (bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate ions) and n 1 or n Na+ ions up to n = 20. For n = 15, positively charged systems with Li+, K+, and Cs+ cations were also considered. All systems were observed to form reverse micelle-like aggregates whose centre is occupied by cations and polar heads in a very compact solid-like way, while globally the aggregate has the form of an elongated and rather flat ellipsoid. Various types of statistical analyses were carried out on the systems to enlighten structural and dynamical properties including gyration radius, atomic pair correlation functions, atomic B-factor …