Search results for "MOTILITY"
showing 10 items of 303 documents
A cerebral nitrergic pathway modulates endotoxin-induced changes in gastric motility
2001
1 This study analyses the neural pathway involved in the modulation of gastric motor function by stress. 2 Systemic administration of low doses of endotoxin (40 m gk g 71 , i.v.) prevents the increase in gastric tone induced by 2-deoxy-D-glucose (200 mg kg 71 , i.v., 2-DG) in urethane-anaesthetized rats. 3 Functional inhibition of aAerent neurones by systemic administration of capsaicin (20+30+50 mg kg 71 , i.m.) in adult rats prevented the inhibitory eAects of endotoxin. 4 Pre-treatment with the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, N G -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (LNAME), both i.v. (10 mg kg 71 ) and i.c. (200 mg rat 71 ), prevented the inhibitory eAects of endotoxin on gastric tone i…
A comparison of spreading and motility behaviour of 8701-BC breast carcinoma cells on type I, I-trimer and type V collagen substrata. Evidence for a …
1991
Ductal infiltrating carcinoma (d.i.c.) of human breast is a highly invasive neoplasm characterized by enhanced deposition of collagen. Paradoxically, enhanced collagen deposition is not correlated with inhibition of the migration of tumour cells into the host tissue. d.i.c. is characterized by the reappearance of ‘embryonic’ type I-trimer collagen and an increase in type V collagen content in the matrix. The effects of these two collagen types were compared with type I collagen as culture substrata on the spreading pattern, cytoskeletal organization and motile behaviour of 8701-BC breast carcinoma cells using rhodamine-phalloidin staining, a DNAase I-competition assay, scanning electron mic…
Quorum-sensing active particles with discontinuous motility
2019
We develop a dynamic mean-field theory for polar active particles that interact through a self-generated field, in particular one generated through emitting a chemical signal. While being a form of chemotactic response, it is different from conventional chemotaxis in that particles discontinuously change their motility when the local concentration surpasses a threshold. The resulting coupled equations for density and polarization are linear and can be solved analytically for simple geometries, yielding inhomogeneous density profiles. Specifically, here we consider a planar and circular interface. Our theory thus explains the observed coexistence of dense aggregates with an active gas. There…
In vivo methods for drug absorption - comparative physiologies, model selection, correlations with in vitro methods (IVIVC), and applications for for…
2013
This review summarizes the current knowledge on anatomy and physiology of the human gastrointestinal tract in comparison with that of common laboratory animals (dog, pig, rat and mouse) with emphasis on in vivo methods for testing and prediction of oral dosage form performance. A wide range of factors and methods are considered in addition, such as imaging methods, perfusion models, models for predicting segmental/regional absorption, in vitro in vivo correlations as well as models to investigate the effects of excipients and the role of food on drug absorption. One goal of the authors was to clearly identify the gaps in today's knowledge in order to stimulate further work on refining the e…
Effect of collagen substrates on proteomic modulation of breast cancer cells
2004
We have previously described the occurrence, in breast and colon cancer extra-cellular matrix, of an oncofoetal form of collagen, OF/LB, able to induce an increase in cell proliferation and motility in the breast cancer cell line 8701-BC. It also caused an increased amount of type V collagen which appears to exert an anti-proliferative effect on the same cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate, at the proteomic level, the effect of OF/LB and type V collagens used as substrates for neoplastic cell growth. Due to the complexity of a whole proteomic profile, a subset of significant protein classes was used to assess variations in protein expression levels. For this study we adop…
The disease-specific clinical trial network for primary ciliary dyskinesia: PCD-CTN
2022
Primary ciliary dyskinesia; Rare genetic disorder; Lung diseases Discinesia ciliar primaria; Trastorno genético raro; Enfermedades pulmonares Discinesia ciliar primària; Trastorn genètic rar; Malalties pulmonars Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare genetic disorder characterised by impaired mucociliary clearance leading to irreversible lung damage. In contrast to other rare lung diseases like cystic fibrosis (CF), there are only few clinical trials and limited evidence-based treatments. Management is mainly based on expert opinions and treatment is challenging due to a wide range of clinical manifestations and disease severity. To improve clinical and translational research and facili…
2020
Abstract RNA modifications are a well-recognized way of gene expression regulation at the post-transcriptional level. Despite the importance of this level of regulation, current knowledge on modulation of tRNA modification status in response to stress conditions is far from being complete. While it is widely accepted that tRNA modifications are rather dynamic, such variations are mostly assessed in terms of total tRNA, with only a few instances where changes could be traced to single isoacceptor species. Using Escherichia coli as a model system, we explored stress-induced modulation of 2′-O-methylations in tRNAs by RiboMethSeq. This analysis and orthogonal analytical measurements by LC-MS s…
Opposite effects of dopamine on the mechanical activity of longitudinal and circular muscles in human colon
2015
Objective: Dopamine (DA) has been proposed to act as a modulator of GI motility, via activation of specific receptors D1- and D2-like receptors widely expressed throughout the length of the gastrointestinal tract, in different animal species. However, little and not clear information are available about DA effect in the human gut. The aims of this study were to elucidate whether dopamine may affect contractility in human colon, the receptor subtypes involved and the possible differences in the function and distribution of dopaminergic receptors between longitudinal and circular muscle. Methods: Mechanical responses to dopamine were examined in vitro as changes in isometric tension in strips…