Search results for "Magnetic Resonance"

Therapeutic Plasmapheresis with Albumin Replacement in Alzheimer’s Disease and Chronic Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: A Review

2020

Background: Reducing the burden of beta-amyloid accumulation and toxic autoimmunity-related proteins, one of the recognized pathophysiological markers of chronic and common neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and multiple sclerosis (MS), may be a valid alternative therapy to reduce their accumulation in the brain and thus reduce the progression of these disorders. The objective of this review was to evaluate the efficacy of plasmapheresis (PP) in AD and chronic progressive MS patients (in terms of improving clinical symptoms) and to analyze its safety and protocols. Methods: Articles related to this topic and published without time limitations in the Medline, and C…

2020

Orthodontic tooth movement to therapeutically align malpositioned teeth is supposed to impact blood flow in the surrounding tissues. Here, we evaluated actual vascularization in the tension area of the periodontal ligament during experimental tooth movement in rats (N = 8) with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We inserted an elastic band between the left upper first and the second rat molar; the right side was not treated and served as control. After four days of tooth movement, we recorded T1-weighted morphologic and dynamic-contrast-enhanced MRI sequences with an animal-specific 7 Tesla MRI to assess of local vascularization. Furthermore, we quantified osteoclasts and monocytes in the pe…

A longitudinal DTI and histological study of the spinal cord reveals early pathological alterations in G93A-SOD1 mouse model of amyotrophic lateral s…

2017

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by selective motor neuron degeneration in the motor cortex, brainstem and spinal cord. It is generally accepted that ALS is caused by death of motor neurons, however the exact temporal cascade of degenerative processes is not yet completely known. To identify the early pathological changes in spinal cord of G93A-SOD1 AIS mice we performed a comprehensive longitudinal analysis employing diffusion-tensor magnetic resonance imaging alongside histology and electron microscopy, in parallel with peripheral nerve histology. We showed the gradient of degeneration appearance in spinal cord white and gray matter, startin…

A "kissing lesion": In-vivo 7T evidence of meningeal inflammation in early multiple sclerosis

2017

Background: The role of cortical lesions (CLs) in disease progression and clinical deficits is increasingly recognized in multiple sclerosis (MS); however the origin of CLs in MS still remains unclear. Objective: Here, we report a para-sulcal CL detected two years after diagnosis in a relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patient without manifestation of clinical deficit. Methods: Ultra-high field (7T) MR imaging using magnetization-prepared 2 rapid acquisition gradient echoes (MP2RAGE) sequence was performed. Results: A para-sulcal CL was detected which showed hypointense rim and iso- to hyperintense core. This was detected in the proximity of the leptomeninges in the left precentral gyrus extendi…

Extending the ALDH18A1 clinical spectrum to severe autosomal recessive fetal cutis laxa with corpus callosum agenesis

2018

IF 3.822 (2018); International audience

Hypertrophic pachymeningitis and cerebral venous thrombosis in myeloperoxidase-ANCA associated vasculitis

2019

Hypertrophic pachymeningitis (HP) is a circumscribed inflammatory process that thickens meninges with fibrous adhesions. Among the causes of HP, vasculitis and autoimmune disease should be considered; myeloperoxidase (MPO)-antinuclear cytoplasmatic antibodies (ANCA)-positivity can be the only

Imaging in mice and men: Pathophysiological insights into multiple sclerosis from conventional and advanced MRI techniques

2019

Abstract Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most important tool for diagnosing multiple sclerosis (MS). However, MRI is still unable to precisely quantify the specific pathophysiological processes that underlie imaging findings in MS. Because autopsy and biopsy samples of MS patients are rare and biased towards a chronic burnt-out end or fulminant acute early stage, the only available methods to identify human disease pathology are to apply MRI techniques in combination with subsequent histopathological examination to small animal models of MS and to transfer these insights to MS patients. This review summarizes the existing combined imaging and histopathological studies performed in M…

Early silent microstructural degeneration and atrophy of the thalamocortical network in multiple sclerosis

2016

Recent studies on patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and multiple sclerosis (MS) demonstrated thalamic atrophy. Here we addressed the following question: Is early thalamic atrophy in patients with CIS and relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) mainly a direct consequence of white matter (WM) lesions-as frequently claimed-or is the atrophy stronger correlated to "silent" (nonlesional) microstructural thalamic alterations? One-hundred and ten patients with RRMS, 12 with CIS, and 30 healthy controls were admitted to 3 T magnetic resonance imaging. Fractional anisotropy (FA) was computed from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to assess thalamic and WM microstructure. The relative thalamic vol…

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome revealing acute intermittent porphyria

2016

Bistacrine derivatives as new potent antimalarials

2016

Linking two tacrine molecules results in a tremendous increase of activity against Plasmodia in comparison to the monomer. This finding prompted the synthesis of a library of monomeric and dimeric tacrine derivatives in order to derive structure-activity relationships. The most active compounds towards chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium strain 3D7 and chloroquine resistant strain Dd2 show IC50 values in the nanomolar range of concentration, low cytotoxicity and target the cysteine protease falcipain-2, which is essential for parasite growth.