Search results for "Magnitude"

The temperature dependence of ice-nucleating particle concentrations affects the radiative properties of tropical convective cloud systems

2021

Convective cloud systems in the maritime tropics play a critical role in global climate, but accurately representing aerosol interactions within these clouds persists as a major challenge for weather and climate modelling. We quantify the effect of ice-nucleating particles (INPs) on the radiative properties of a complex tropical Atlantic deep convective cloud field using a regional model with an advanced double-moment microphysics scheme. Our results show that the domain-mean daylight outgoing radiation varies by up to 18 W m−2 depending on the chosen INP parameterisation. The key distinction between different INP parameterisations is the temperature dependence of ice formation, which alter…

Wind speed and temperature trends impacts on reference evapotranspiration in Southern Italy

2014

In this study, the impacts of both temperature and wind speed trends on reference evapotranspiration have been assessed using as a case study the Southern Italy, which present a wide variety of combination of such climatic variables trends in terms of direction and magnitude. The existence of statistically significant trends in wind speed and temperature from observational datasets, measured in ten stations over Southern Italy during the period 1968–2004, has been investigated. Time series have been examined using the Mann–Kendall nonparametric statistical test in order to detect possible evidences of wind speed and temperature trends at different temporal resolution and significance level.…

Oceanic and atmospheric linkages with short rainfall season intraseasonal statistics over Equatorial Eastern Africa and their predictive potential

2014

Despite earlier studies over various parts of the world including equatorial Eastern Africa (EEA) showing that intraseasonal statistics of wet and dry spells have spatially coherent signals and thus greater predictability potential, no attempts have been made to identify the predictors for these intraseasonal statistics. This study therefore attempts to identify the predictors (with a 1-month lead time) for some of the subregional intraseasonal statistics of wet and dry spells (SRISS) which showed the greatest predictability potential during the short rainfall season over EEA. Correlation analysis between the SRISS and seasonal rainfall totals on one hand and the predefined predictors on th…

2019

Abstract. We present the laboratory results of immersion freezing efficiencies of cellulose particles at supercooled temperature ( T) conditions. Three types of chemically homogeneous cellulose samples are used as surrogates that represent supermicron and submicron ice-nucleating plant structural polymers. These samples include microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), fibrous cellulose (FC) and nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC). Our immersion freezing dataset includes data from various ice nucleation measurement techniques available at 17 different institutions, including nine dry dispersion and 11 aqueous suspension techniques. With a total of 20 methods, we performed systematic accuracy and precis…

Space-VLBI phase-reference mapping and astrometry

2001

We present 5 GHz space-VLBI observations of the quasar pair B1342+662/B1342+663 that demonstrate the feasibility of phase-reference techniques using an antenna in space. The space-based data were taken by the satellite HALCA, of the space-VLBI mission VSOP. From residual (referenced) phases we derive an upper bound of 10 meters to the uncertainty of the spacecraft orbit reconstruction. An analysis of the phase-reference maps of the sources additionally suggests that the above mentioned uncertaintyis likely not larger than 3 meters. With errors of this magnitude, HALCA is a useful tool for astrometric studies of close pairs of radio sources.

ERRATUM: “RELIABILITY OF THE DETECTION OF THE BARYON ACOUSTIC PEAK” (2009, ApJ, 696, L93)

2009

Due to an error in applying the passive evolution to transform Mg (z = 0) magnitudes to Mg (z = 0.3), the values of the magnitude limits for the samples DR7-LRG and DR7-LRG-VL quoted in Table 1 were not correct. The corrected Table 1 is appended below. Note that although the redshift limits of the sample DR7-LRG are the same as in Eisenstein et al. (2005), the magnitude limits are therefore slightly shifted (see Table 1). Once this fact is considered, figures and results are completely unaffected. We are very grateful to Eyal Kazin for pointing out the error.

Halogen diffusion in a basaltic melt

2007

Abstract The diffusion of the halogens fluorine, chlorine and bromine was measured in a hawaiitic melt from Mt. Etna at 500 MPa and 1.0 GPa, 1250 to 1450 °C at anhydrous conditions; the diffusion of F and Cl in the melt was also studied with about 3 wt% of dissolved water. Experiments were performed using the diffusion-couple technique in a piston cylinder. Most experiments were performed with only one halogen diffusing between the halogen-enriched and halogen-poor halves of the diffusion couple, but a few experiments with a mixture of halogens (F, Cl and Br) were also performed in order to investigate the possibility of interactions between the halogens during diffusion. Fluorine and chlor…

Escape of Supercritical-CO2 Fluids Trapped in Calcite Nano-metric Pores

2019

Flow of supercritical CO2-bearing fluids through a rock is a fundamental phenomenon which acts upon a great many geological processes ranging from seismic activity to formation of ore deposits. Atomic Force Microscopy scanning experiments allowed us to infer movement of supercritical CO2-bearing fluids through calcite crystals and relate it to natural decrepitation of nanoscale fluid inclusions. Calculated velocities exceed the rate of diffusion predicated via current vacancy models by several orders of magnitude implying that CO2-rich fluid movement through micro and nano-pore space may presently be greatly underestimated.

Catchment size and contribution of the largest daily events to suspended sediment load on a continental scale

2013

Abstract The classic approach defines an extreme event as a rare event identified by magnitude–frequency analysis and quantified by its deviation from a central value. They are key to understand geomorphological dynamics, since they are responsible for a considerable amount of work and “time compression”. Time compression means that most of the geomorphic work (particularly sediment transport) is produced in very short temporal intervals (i.e. in few events). Moreover, it is well known from magnitude–frequency analyses that events not necessarily extreme by magnitude could be responsible for a large amount of geomorphic work. To analyse the time compression of geomorphological processes, a …

Curvature increases permeability of the plasma membrane for ions, water and the anti-cancer drugs cisplatin and gemcitabine

2019

ABSTRACTIn this work the permeability of a model asymmetric plasma membrane, for ions, water and the anti-cancer drugs cisplatin and gemcitabine is studied by means of all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. It is shown that permeability of the membranes increases from one to three orders of magnitude upon membrane bending depending on the compound and the sign of curvature. Our results show that the membrane curvature is an important factor which should be considered during evaluation of drug translocation.TOC GRAPHICS