Search results for "Materialism"
showing 10 items of 84 documents
Darwinism and the Origin of Life
2012
Abstract Historically, ideas on the origins of life have been mingled with evolutionary explanations. Darwin avoided discussing the origin of the very first species in public although he acknowledged the possibility that life originated by natural causes. Some of his followers adopted this materialistic position and advocated some sort of spontaneous generation in the distant past. Nevertheless, Pasteur’s experiments were a major obstacle for scientific acceptance of the sudden emergence of life. The scientific study of the origin of life, established in the 1920s, required abandoning the idea of a unique chance event and considering a view of life emerging as the result of a long evolution…
Psilocybin as an Inducer of Ego Death and Similar Experiences of Religious Provenance
2016
Abstract The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of the impact of hallucinogenic psilocybin on religious-type emotionality related to ego disintegration. Psilocybin as a typical hallucinogen evokes alternations of visual perception (enhances a development of pseudo-hallucinations, phantom visual perception, or hypnagogic experiences). These visual phenomena may be inspiring and are claimed to enhance aesthetic appreciation. Additionally the hallucinogen induces transient impairment of cognitive functions and psychological regression comparable to the signs of ego blurring and dissociative phenomena. The psilocybin effects, initially euphoric, may become emotionally perceived a…
Why do Helvétius' writings matter? Rousseau's Notes sur De l'esprit
2016
International audience; De l’esprit was read and commented on by Rousseau, Diderot, and Voltaire, in 1758. So was De l’homme when it appeared posthumously in 1773. We will go into this series of books, marginalia, and refutations, to address the question: what exactly was widely discussed between the three authors during the 1750s? Is it ‘materialism’? Our first point is to interpret the potential distortions, re-workings or re-appropriations in Rousseau’s marginalia, known as Notes sur De l’esprit, especially here about the so-called theory of passive judgement. We will then see that there certainly is, in the discussion between Rousseau and Helvétius, a real opposition on the question of…
Rhizoanalysis of Sociomaterial Entanglements in Teacher Interviews
2022
AbstractThis chapter explores how the entangled relationship between the material and social in teachers’ perceptions of change can be empirically investigated. More specifically, the chapter adopts a DeleuzoGuattarian rhizoanalytic assemblage approach and the notion of becoming to capture the dynamic and fluid nature of social and material affects. The study re-analyses three teacher interviews from data sets originally collected for different research purposes but with the theme of change relevant in each interview. The findings show that rhizomatic analysis and approaching interviews as assemblages can yield important insights about material realities. For example, they indicate how teac…
Conflicto, materialidad y enseñanza del inglés en Nazaret
2021
El capítulo narra la experiencia del proyecto "Words Matter/Palabras reales" en un colegio público del barrio desfavorecido de Nazaret, en la ciudad de Valencia, y lo contextualiza en la filosofía de los Nuevos materialismos, en los Nuevos estudios sobre literacidad, en el imperialismo lingüístico del inglés, y la teoría relacional del arte. HAR2017-85230-R The chapter describes the experience of the project "Words Matter / Palabras reales" as developed in a public school in the underprivileged neighborhood of Nazaret, in the city of Valencia (Spain). The description of the project is contextualized in New materialisms, New Literacy Studies, English linguistic imperialism, and the relationa…
A Diffractive Reading
2023
AbstractTowards the end of the editing process, we started to see the book as something more than a collection of chapters around a theme: as an assemblage, which included, of course, the community of authors. When we put out the first call for contributions in May 2018, most authors volunteered a contribution rather quickly, others joined a bit later, and some dropped out for different reasons, underlining the dynamic nature of our assemblage. In pre-pandemic times, we met on and off campus, introduced some of our ideas at conferences, and had a workshop day to brainstorm, plan chapters, and reflect on the process and the purpose of the book. We were connected by common meals, jokes, writi…
Praxis e storia in Jean-Paul Sartre. Una rilettura della Critica della ragione dialettica
2017
Jean-Paul Sartre’s Critique de la raison dialectique consists of two tomes: La théorie des ensembles pratiques (published in 1960) and L’intelligibilité de l’histoire (published posthumously in 1985). The first tome includes two books: De la «praxis» individuelle au pratico-inerte and Du groupe à l’histoire. Thus Jean-Paul Sartre combines existentialism and historical materialism, referring to the concepts of praxis and of history. The concept of history is the main theme of his work, and it can be understood as a dialectical process in the complex system of the human relationships.
Bergson, defensor de la sostenibilidad
2016
Este trabajo de investigación pone de manifiesto la vigencia de los planteamientos de Henri Bergson como crítico del modelo de globalización actual que trata como elementos de la misma naturaleza al tiempo y al espacio; una globalización en la que está ausente, en la que se ha ignorado el tiempo como duración. Bergson fue el filósofo que vio con claridad la diferencia sustancial entre tiempo y espacio, y la consiguiente no aplicabilidad de las leyes físicas a un tiempo que en realidad es irreversible, que prima sobre el espacio. Es pues de crucial importancia su intuición de la continuidad del tiempo, su concepción integral de la durée y de lo durable. El pensamiento de Bergson va en contra…
The brighter side of materialism : Managing impressions on social media for higher social capital
2022
Individuals adjust their behavior on social media to varying extent, and commonly in their idealized way. Most studies have focused on the problems associated with materialism and social media use, yet their potential positive contributions remain less clear. In fact, impression management holds potential for both negative and positive: it has been linked with materialistic attitudes, but also increased amounts of self-reported social capital. This study examines how young people's materialistic values connect with status-seeking impression management on social media, and subsequently to social capital, within the same model. Eight hundred Finnish participants aged 15–19 participated in our…
“I Have Karelia in My Soul” – Intra-action of Students, Seniors and Artefacts in a Community-Engaged Service-Learning Collaboration
2022
AbstractIn this chapter we examine a foreign language learning environment in a community-engaged setting in a Canadian city through a new materialist lens. As part of a service-learning project, Canadian students of Finnish language and culture visit a Finnish language seniors’ centre regularly to participate in different activities and spend time with the Finnish-speaking seniors. We examine the assemblage of the participants (seniors and students) and one artefact, a map, and offer a close analysis of the intra-action that takes place during one visit at the centre. In our analysis, our service-learning collaboration does not merely give a voice and agency to seniors. Rather, the seniors…