Search results for "Matrix"
showing 10 items of 3205 documents
Onko suomen ja ruotsin koodinvaihdolla kielioppia? : substantiivien ja verbien taivutus Haaparannan, Tukholman ja Helsingin kaksikielisissä keskustel…
2016
Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan kaksikielisten 13–15- vuotiaiden nuorten koodinvaihtoa suomen ja ruotsin välillä luokkahuoneen ulkopuolella nauhoitetuissa arkikielisissä keskusteluissa Haaparannassa (2014–2015), Tukholmassa (2015–2016) ja Helsingissä (2014). Artikkelissa kartoitetaan, miten toisesta kielestä upotetut substantiivit ja verbit taipuvat koodinvaihdossa. Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on selvittää, taipuvatko upotetut sanat matriisikielen eli pääkielen vai upotetun kielen kieliopin mukaan ja onko eri paikkakunnilta kerättyjen aineistojen välillä eroja. Tavoitteena on myös tutkia, onko suomen ja ruotsin koodinvaihdolla rakenteellisia rajoituksia eli voiko koodinvaihtoa tapahtua silloin, k…
FACIT collagen (1α-chain) is expressed by hemocytes and epidermis during the inflammatory response of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis
2007
Based on previous cloning and sequencing study, real-time PCR and in situ hybridization assays of the inflamed body wall of LPS-injected Ciona intestinalis showed the enhanced gene expression of a collagen with FACIT structural features (Ci-type IX-Col 1alpha-chain). By using specific antibodies raised against an opportunely chosen Ci-type IX-Col synthetic peptide, the fibroblast property of hemocytes challenged in vitro with LPS (at 4h) was displayed by flow cytometry, while immunocytochemistry identified hemocytes with large granules (morula cells) as collagen-producing cells. Hemocyte lysate supernatant analyzed in immunoblotting contained a 60 kDa band identifiable as 1alpha-chain-Ci-ty…
Chitosomes loaded with cranberry proanthocyanidins attenuate the bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of iNOS and COX-2 in raw 264.7 macro…
2009
Chitosan binds to negatively charged soy lecithin liposomes by an electrostatic interaction driven by its positively charged amino group. This interaction allows stable covered vesicles (chitosomes) to be developed as a suitable targeted carrier and controlled release system. This study investigated the effect of chitosomes on the activation of cranberry proanthocyanidins (PAC) in Raw 264.7 macrophages. Chitosomes were characterized according to size, zeta potential, PAC-loading, and release properties. Results showed an increase in the net positive charge and size of the liposomes as the concentration of chitosan was increased, suggesting an effective covering of the vesicles by means of e…
Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2) in rat liver cells is increased by lipopolysaccharide and prostaglandin E2
1995
AbstractTo explore the functional role of TIMP-2 in liver, we determined TIMP-2 mRNA levels in primary rat hepatocytes and in total rat liver. Rat hepatocytes constitutively express TIMP-2 mRNA at a low level. Incubation with dexamethasone, prostaglandin E2 and a combination of inflammatory cytokines leads to an up-regulation of TIMP-2 mRNA. In rats in vivo we found a dramatic increase of TIMP-2 expression after intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide. Compared to our previous findings on TIMP-1 we conclude that TIMP-2 mRNA expression is regulated in a distinct and partially opposite manner. Over-production of TIMP-2 could inhibit the activity of metalloproteinases and thus lead to …
Liver fibrosis: Direct antifibrotic agents and targeted therapies
2018
Liver fibrosis and in particular cirrhosis are the major causes of morbidity and mortality of patients with chronic liver disease. Their prevention or reversal have become major endpoints in clinical trials with novel liver specific drugs. Remarkable progress has been made with therapies that efficiently address the cause of the underlying liver disease, as in chronic hepatitis B and C. Highly effective antiviral therapy can prevent progression or even induce reversal in the majority of patients, but such treatment remains elusive for the majority of liver patients with advanced alcoholic or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, genetic or autoimmune liver diseases. Moreover, drugs that would speed…
Extracellular Matrix Molecular Remodeling in Human Liver Fibrosis Evolution
2016
Chronic liver damage leads to pathological accumulation of ECM proteins (liver fibrosis). Comprehensive characterization of the human ECM molecular composition is essential for gaining insights into the mechanisms of liver disease. To date, studies of ECM remodeling in human liver diseases have been hampered by the unavailability of purified ECM. Here, we developed a decellularization method to purify ECM scaffolds from human liver tissues. Histological and electron microscopy analyses demonstrated that the ECM scaffolds, devoid of plasma and cellular components, preserved the three-dimensional ECM structure and zonal distribution of ECM components. This method has been then applied on 57 l…
Plasma Pro-C3 (N-terminal type III collagen propeptide) predicts fibrosis progression in patients with chronic hepatitis C.
2014
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Fibrogenesis results in release of certain extracellular matrix protein fragments into the circulation. We evaluated the diagnostic and prognostic performance of two novel serological markers, the precisely cleaved N-terminal propeptide of type III collagen (Pro-C3) and a peptide of helical collagen type III degradation (C3M), in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients. METHOD: Pro-C3 and C3M were measured by ELISA in plasma from CHC patients (n = 194) from a prior phase II antifibrotic trial (NCT00244751). Plasma samples and paired liver biopsies were obtained at baseline and after 1-year. Patients were stratified according to Ishak stages 2-4. Internal cross-validation w…
Exploring organ-specific features of fibrogenesis using murine precision-cut tissue slices
2019
Fibrosis is the hallmark of pathologic tissue remodelling in most chronic diseases. Despite advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of fibrosis, it remains uncured. Fibrogenic processes share conserved core cellular and molecular pathways across organs. In this study, we aimed to elucidate shared and organ-specific features of fibrosis using murine precision-cut tissue slices (PCTS) prepared from small intestine, liver and kidneys. PCTS displayed substantial differences in their baseline gene expression profiles: 70% of the extracellular matrix (ECM)-related genes were differentially expressed across the organs. Culture for 48 h induced significant changes in ECM regulation and trig…
StellaTUM: current consensus and discussion on pancreatic stellate cell research
2011
The field of pancreatic stellate cell (PSC) biology is very young, as the essential in-vitro tools to study these cells (ie, methods to isolate and culture PSC) were only developed as recently as in 1998. Nonetheless, there has been an exponential increase in research output in this field over the past decade, with numerous research groups around the world focusing their energies into elucidating the biology and function of these cells. It is now well established that PSC are responsible for producing the stromal reaction (fibrosis) of two major diseases of the pancreas—chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. Despite exponentially increasing data, the methods for studying PSC remain var…
Mer Tyrosine Kinase (MERTK) modulates liver fibrosis progression and hepatocellular carcinoma development.
2022
BackgroundMerTK is a tyrosine kinase receptor that belongs to the TAM (Tyro3/Axl/Mer) receptor family. It is involved in different processes including cellular proliferation/survival, cellular adhesion/migration, and release of the inflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokines. Although it is reported that MERTK polymorphisms affect the severity of viral and metabolic liver diseases, being able to influence fibrosis progression and hepatocellular carcinoma development, the mechanisms remain unknown. Methods: using a microarray approach, we evaluated the liver expression of genes involved in fibrogenesis and hepatocarcinogenesis in patient with chronic hepatitis C (CHC), stratified for MERTK geno…