Search results for "Matter"

showing 10 items of 16762 documents

Mössbauer Emission Spectroscopy of Mixed-Valency after Nuclear Decay in Iron Complexes

1991

The population of anomalous spin states and aliovalent charge states of iron induced by the 57 Co(EC)57 Fe nuclear decay in polycristalline transition metal compounds was studied by means of Coincidence Mossbauer Emission Spectroscopy (CMES), that is Time-Differential Mossbauer Emission Spectroscopy (TDMES) as well as γ/Xray-Coincidence Mossbauer Emission Spectroscopy (γ/X-CMES). By use of time-integral Mossbauer emission spectroscopy (TIMES) we have observed anomalous high spin (S = 2) states of 57 Fe(II) in the system [57Co/Co(phen)3(ClO 4)2 with increasing intensities on lowering the temperature. With TDMES we followed quantitatively the high spin-low spin relaxation kinetics in this com…

education.field_of_studyMaterials scienceTransition metalMössbauer effectSpin statesPopulationMössbauer spectroscopyAnalytical chemistryCondensed Matter::Strongly Correlated ElectronsEmission spectrumeducationSpin (physics)Radioactive decay
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Two‐Dimensional Electron Gas Effects on the Photoluminescence from a Nonintentionally Doped AlGaN/GaN Heterojunction

2002

Photoluminescence measurements on an AlGaN/GaN single heterojunction (SH), where piezoelectric and spontaneous polarization effects confine a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG), are presented. Well-defined emissions between the bulk excitonic transitions and their LO-phonon replica are attributed to spatially indirect excitons located close to the interface. The strong interfacial electric field separates photogenerated holes and electrons, weakening their Coulomb interaction and causing a blueshift with increasing excitation intensity due to carrier population effects. In addition, direct experimental proof is obtained by applying an electric field normal to the interface. An energy shift…

education.field_of_studyPhotoluminescenceMaterials scienceCondensed matter physicsExcitonPopulationHeterojunctionElectronCondensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall EffectBlueshiftCondensed Matter::Materials ScienceElectric fieldeducationExcitationphysica status solidi (c)
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Time evolution of non-lethal infectious diseases: a semi-continuous approach.

2005

A model describing the dynamics related to the spreading of non-lethal infectious diseases in a fixed-size population is proposed. The model consists of a non-linear delay-differential equation describing the time evolution of the increment in the number of infectious individuals and depends upon a limited number of parameters. Predictions are in good qualitative agreement with data on influenza.

education.field_of_studyPopulation87.23.Cc Population dynamics and ecological pattern formationPopulations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)Time evolutionCondensed Matter PhysicsQuantitative Biology - Quantitative MethodsElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsFOS: Biological sciencesInterdisciplinary PhysicsQuantitative Biology::Populations and EvolutionStatistical physicseducationQuantitative Biology - Populations and EvolutionQuantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)MathematicsThe European physical journal. B
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Identification Of Mitotically Competent SOX2+ Cells In White Matter Of Normal Human Adult Brain

2011

AbstractSOX2 expression is linked to the undifferentiated state of stem cells in mammalian neurogenic niches. While its expression has been reported in the adult human subventricular zone (SVZ), to date it has not been detected in adult human white matter. Here we describe a population of SOX2+ cells from the white matter of the adult human temporal lobe, which proliferate and express glial markers in vitro.

education.field_of_studyPopulationSubventricular zoneBiologyIn vitroTemporal lobeCell biologyWhite mattermedicine.anatomical_structureSOX2nervous systemembryonic structuresmedicineGeneral Materials ScienceStem celleducationNeuroscience
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Comparison of non-Markovianity criteria in a qubit system under random external fields

2013

We give the map representing the evolution of a qubit under the action of non-dissipative random external fields. From this map we construct the corresponding master equation that in turn allows us to phenomenologically introduce population damping of the qubit system. We then compare, in this system, the time-regions when non-Markovianity is present on the basis of different criteria both for the non-dissipative and dissipative case. We show that the adopted criteria agree both in the non-dissipative case and in the presence of population damping.

education.field_of_studyQuantum PhysicsBasis (linear algebra)PopulationFOS: Physical sciencesNon-MarkovianityConstruct (python library)Condensed Matter PhysicsAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsAction (physics)Settore FIS/03 - Fisica Della MateriaSettore FIS/02 - Fisica Teorica Modelli e Metodi MatematiciQubitOpen quantum systemMaster equationDissipative systemStatistical physicseducationQuantum Physics (quant-ph)Mathematical PhysicsMathematics
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Population analysis of pair densities. A study on cyclic systems

2000

Abstract Pair population analysis seems a reliable method for evaluating atomic valency states and bond orders from the MO wavefunction of molecular systems. A test on some cyclic organic systems was performed. The results confirm the capability of the method to provide a correct description of the molecules in terms of simple VB approach.

education.field_of_studyStereochemistryChemistryPopulationValencyMolecular systemsCondensed Matter PhysicsBiochemistryBond orderSimple (abstract algebra)Chemical physicsOrganic systemsMoleculePhysical and Theoretical ChemistryWave functioneducationJournal of Molecular Structure: THEOCHEM
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Theoretical study of selective H3 receptor antagonists of histamine

1993

Abstract The conformations and charge distributions of three selective H3 receptor antagonists of histamine were determined using the MNDO approach. The results suggest that the conformational flexibilities of betahistine, N α-(2-phenylacetyl)histamine and thioperamide are different; however, the low-energy conformations of these compounds show closely related spatial orderings. The MNDO calculations predict a significant population of the N1H form in the imidazole systems of N α-(2-phenylacetyl)histamine and thioperamide. Our results indicate that the conformational behaviour of H3 antagonists is closely similar to that reported for H2 antagonists of histamine. These results emphasize the …

education.field_of_studyThioperamideStereochemistryChemistryPopulationAntagonistMNDOCondensed Matter PhysicsBiochemistrychemistry.chemical_compoundComputational chemistrymedicineImidazoleBetahistinePhysical and Theoretical ChemistryHistamine H3 receptoreducationHistaminemedicine.drugJournal of Molecular Structure: THEOCHEM
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Activity and role of the enchytraeid worm Cognettia sphagnetorum (Vejd.) (Oligochaeta: Enchytraeidae) in organic and mineral forest soil

2003

Summary Site preparation following clear felling of coniferous forest creates a mosaic of different kinds of habitats for soil decomposers, ranging from bare mineral soil to thick layers of organic soil and felling residues. To study whether the impact of enchytraeids on nutrient mineralisation processes is different in residues, organic layer, and mineral soil, a microcosm experiment was conducted in the laboratory. Microcosms contained mineral soil (sand) alone or with soil organic layer (humus and F-layer materials) and spruce needles, either separately or together. Enchytraeids (Cognettia sphagnetorum) were introduced to the half of the microcosms. Numbers of enchytraeids, their gut con…

education.field_of_studybiologyChemistrySoil organic matterSoil biologyPopulationBulk soilSoil ScienceEnchytraeidaebiology.organism_classificationSoil typecomplex mixturesHumusAgronomySoil pHeducationEcology Evolution Behavior and SystematicsPedobiologia
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On the role of the triplet state in the cis/trans isomerization of rhodopsin: A CASPT2//CASSCF study of a model chromophore

2011

The possibility of population of the lowest-lying triplet state (T1) in the early events of the photochemical isomerization process of a model chromophore of Rhodopsin (Rh) has been analyzed using multireference perturbation theory (CASPT2//CASSCF) methods. It is shown that the characteristics of the isomerization process namely small S1−T1 gap, presence of hydrogen out of plane active vibrational modes, and existence of a dense manifold of vibrational states, render possible the fulfilment of the conditions needed for the population of T1. The possible consequences for the photochemistry and photophysics of Rh are also discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem 111:3431–3…

education.field_of_studybiologyChemistrytripletPopulationChromophoreCondensed Matter PhysicsPhotochemistryInternal conversion (chemistry)Atomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsCis trans isomerizationIntersystem crossingrhodopsinComputational chemistryRhodopsinPHOTOISOMERIZATIONCASPT2//CASSCFbiology.proteinPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryTriplet stateeducationIsomerization
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Fibre break failure processes in unidirectional composites: evaluation of critical damage states

2016

Earlier work which successfully modelled the kinetics of fibre breakage in unidirectional composites under monotonic tensile loading has been extended to quantify the kinetics of fibre failure during both monotonic and sustained tensile loading. In both cases, failure was seen to occur when a critical density of large clusters (more than 16 fibres are broken within the representative volume element) of fibre breaks developed. However, in monotonic loading failure occurred very quickly after the first development of these large clusters, whereas under sustained loading the composite could accommodate greater levels of large clusters because of the lower applied load. This article is part of …

effects of monotonic and sustained tensile loadingWork (thermodynamics)Materials scienceclusters of breaksGeneral MathematicsComposite numberfibre breakscritical damageGeneral Engineering[ PHYS.COND.CM-MS ] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci]General Physics and AstronomyStructural integrity02 engineering and technology021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology020303 mechanical engineering & transports0203 mechanical engineeringBreakageUltimate tensile strength[PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci]Representative elementary volumeComposite material0210 nano-technology
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