Search results for "Measurement"
showing 10 items of 2918 documents
Micro-Machining
2017
This chapter provides comprehensive knowledge regarding the fabrication of micro-products and element of micro-electromechanical systems using various techniques and processes. Both well-established techniques such as micro-machining and new trends in improving micro-processes taking into account EDM, laser, FIB, LIGA and DRIE processes are overviewed. The background of micro-machining processes, including typical machining operations such as turning, milling and drilling and different construction materials, is outlined. Moreover, a special focus was made on new constructions, control systems and effective applications of micro-machining techniques. In addition, the focus was directed towa…
Nanomanufacturing/Nanotechnology
2017
This chapter provides comprehensive knowledge regarding the fabrication of nanoproducts and element of micro-electromechanical systems using various techniques and processes. Both well-established techniques, such as nanomachining (ultra-precision) and new trends in improving nanoprocesses taking into account AFM, laser beam machining, electron beam machining processes are overviewed. The background of nanomachining processes, including typical machining operations such as turning, milling and grinding and different construction materials (metallic and nonmetallic), is outlined. The physical mechanisms responsible for the transition from brittle to ductile regime machining are explained. Mo…
Pathophysiological approaches to identifying tumor hypoxia in patients
1991
The present report summarizes observations of the authors on tumor oxygenation and on techniques for characterizing tumor hypoxia in patients. Cryospectrophotometric measurements of HbO2 saturations in tumor microvessels allow for estimates of the proportion of well oxygenated tissue regions. Labeling of tissue areas at oxygen (O2) tensions (pO2) less than 10 mm Hg with misonidazole may be used for a general characterization of the oxygenation status in patient tumors rather than for the determination of the radiobiologically hypoxic cell fraction. Quantitative bioluminescence and single photon imaging make it possible to determine ATP concentrations in absolute terms with a spatial resolut…
Assessing first-year engineering students' pre-university mathematics knowledge: preliminary validity results based on an item response theory model
2020
The importance of students’ prior knowledge to their current learning outcomes cannot be overemphasised. Students with adequate prior knowledge are better prepared for the current learning materials than those without the knowledge. However, assessment of engineering students' prior mathematics knowledge has been beset with a lack of uniformity in measuring instruments and inadequate validity studies. This study attempts to provide evidence of validity and reliability of a Norwegian national test of prior mathematics knowledge using an explanatory sequential mixed-methods approach. This approach involves use of an item response theory model followed by cognitive interviews of some students …
Mixed-model of ANOVA for measurement reproducibility in proteomics
2009
This work is a statistical analysis of reproducibility of a MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry experiment. Its aim is to evaluate measurement variability and compare peak intensities from two types of MALDI-TOF platforms. We compared and commented on the abilities of Principal Component Analysis and mixed-model analysis of variance to evaluate the biological variability and the technical variability of peak intensities in different patients. The properties and hypotheses of both methods are summarized and applied to spectra from plasma of patients with Hodgkin lymphoma. Principal Component Analysis checks rapidly the balance between the two variabilities; however, a mixed-model analysis of varianc…
Macroscopic two-phase flow in porous media
2000
A system of macroscopic equations for two-phase immiscible displacement in porous media is presented. The equations are based on continuum mixture theory. The pairwise character of interfacial energies is explicitly taken into account. The equations incorporate the spatiotemporal variation of interfacial energies and residual saturations. The connection between these equations and relative permeabilities is established, and found to be in qualitative agreement with experiment.
State Estimation of a Mobile Manipulator via Non-uniformly Sampled Position Measurements
2011
Abstract We derive an exact deterministic nonlinear estimator to compute the continuous state of a nonlinear time-varying system based on discrete, non uniformly time spaced, state measurements. The system consists of a robot arm mounted on a mobile non holonomic vehicle. The paper also discusses the effect on the estimation error of a bounded input additive noise.
Estimation of the mean crystal size and the moments of the crystal size distribution in batch crystallization processes
2016
International audience; A cascade high gain observer is designed to estimate the first four leading moments of the crystal size distribution (CSD) and the mean crystal size in batch crystallization processes. The proposed observer is based on a well-known transformation of the partial differential equation describing the CSD to a set of ordinary differential equations (the method of moments). Due to numerical difficulties resulting from the important differences in the magnitudes of the moments, a set of new variables is computed to allow a good estimation of the moments and thus the mean crystal size. In this work, only solute concentration and crystallizer temperature are used to estimate…
Intraosseous monitoring of drilling in lumbar vertebrae by ultrasound: An experimental feasibility study.
2016
The rationale for this project is to evaluate the efficiency of a novel sonographic method for measurements of interosseous distances. The method utilizes a propagating ultrasonic beam through aqueous milieu which is directed as a jet into a drilled tract. We used a plastic model of human L5 vertebra and ex vivo specimen of L5 porcine vertebra and generated 2 mm in diameter tracts in vertebral pedicles. The tracts were created in the "desired" central direction and in the "wrong" medial and lateral directions. The drilled tracts and the residual, up to opposite cortex, distances were measured sonographically and mechanically and compared statistically. We show that "true" mechanical measure…
Data analysis method for evaluating dialogic learning
2001
Abstract The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new method of analysing and evaluating dialogic learning. Dialogic learning offers possibilities that have not previously been found in nursing or nursing education, although some nursing researchers have lately become interested in dialogic nursing interaction between nurses and patients. The stages of analysis of dialogic learning have been illustrated by using an example. The data for this illustration were collected by video-taping a planning process where students for a Master’s degree (qualifying them to be nursing instructors in Finland) plan, implement and evaluate a course for nursing students, on the care of terminally ill patie…