Search results for "Mechanism"

Role of intracellular calcium on ethanol-induced activation of protein kinase A: molecular model and behavioral consequences

2014

Ethanol can be considered a weak drug when compared to most other drugs of abuse. The molecule of ethanol has no asymmetric carbon. Being so, it does not interact with the biological substrates in a stereoselective way as most of the receptor ligand drugs do. Moreover, ethanol has a very simple chemical structure. Thus, the hydroxyl group provides a dipole that allows the formation of hydrogen bonds. It is the formation of hydrogen bonds that makes ethanol soluble in water. In contrast, ethanol presents an aliphatic moiety that provides a lipophilic group that can interact with non-polar cellular elements. However, contrary to what it is generally believed, ethanol has low lipid solubility.…

Light on the molecular and cellular mechanisms of bicuspid aortic valve to unveil phenotypic heterogeneity

2019

Research on bicuspid aortic valve disease (BAV) and related complications has grown in an exponential manner in the last decades. However, the current knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the development of this disease is still limited, since all clinical and surgical studies on BAV mainly focused their objects on its major vascular complications, such as ascending aortic aneurysms and dissection. It is now clear that a better understanding of the pivotal molecular and cellular pathophysiological aspects of bicuspid valve aortopathy, including natural history, phenotypic expression, histology, cellular mechanisms and pathways, is critical for improving its clinical management. This chang…

Molecular approaches to study microbial mechanisms involved in pesticide biodegradation: atrazine as a case study

2006

Narratives by women managers about spousal support for their careers

2014

In this article we present a qualitative study of spousal support for the careers of women managers. The research material consists of the narratives of 25 women managers in Finland. The study has two main implications. Firstly, unlike previous studies, we use a narrative approach to demonstrate that a woman manager's career and spousal support are experienced as ambiguous and evolving over the career. The support was constructed by the women managers as flourishing, irrelevant, deficient or inconsistent. Secondly, to increase our knowledge about gender relations, we combine discussion of the topic with gender order analysis and suggest that gender order is critical for an understanding of …

examples_tremor.wav from Even violins can cry: specifically vocal emotional behaviours also drive the perception of emotions in non-vocal music

2021

Examples of vocal tremor stimuli: pairs of matched original vs tremor stimuli, successively in speech, singing, singing+music and violin+music conditions

Synthesis and Rearrangement of 2-(N-Methyl-N-nitroamino)-4-phenylthiazole

2007

2-(N-Methyl-N-nitroamino)-4-phenylthiazole (5) was prepared and rearranged in aqueous dioxane under influence of sulphuric acid of various concentrations. 2-(N-Methylamino)- 5-nitro-4-phenylthiazole (6) was the only product up to 50% acid concentration. At higher acidities, significant amounts of nitro derivatives 3b and3c, substituted in benzene ring, were also formed. The result indicates that migration of the N-nitro group occurs on the intramolecular path, however, in concentrated sulphuric acid, formation of nitronium ion and ring nitration also takes place.

Acidity and basicity of primaryN-phenylnitramines: catalytic effect of protons on the nitramine rearrangement

2002

Para-substituted N-phenylnitramines were prepared either by oxidation of diazonium salts or by nitration under alkaline or acidic conditions. Isotopic [15N-NO2] labelling indicated that the bands characteristic of the N-nitro group appear in the 1318–1323 and 1585–1607 cm−1 regions. In the nitrogen NMR spectra, the nitramino group gives two resonances at −193 ± 3 (NH) and −32 ± 3 ppm (NO2). The chemical shifts in proton and carbon NMR spectra are predictable, based on increments and the additivity rule. The spectral data indicate the lack of conjugation between the nitramino group and another substituent bound to the ring. It seems to contradict the well-known fact that substituents strongl…

Influence of torrefaction pretreatment on the pyrolysis of Eucalyptus clone: A study on kinetics, reaction mechanism and heat flow

2016

Abstract The adverse nature of biomass requires specific pretreatment processes to better utilize it in bioenergy applications, and torrefaction is one of the most recognized thermal pretreatment methods. In this regard, we studied the effect of torrefaction pretreatment on kinetics, reaction mechanism and heat flow during the pyrolysis of biomass by making a comparative analysis between the pyrolysis of dried and torrefied Eucalyptus wood. Torrefied biomass was produced at three temperatures, namely 250, 275 and 300 °C. Pyrolysis was performed at 700 °C. The char yield during pyrolysis increased from 22.39 percent to 36.34 percent when the torrefaction temperature was increased from 250 to…

Overweight children display enhanced reward responses to food-related pictures and odours

2012

Overweight children display enhanced reward responses to food-related pictures and odours. 19. European congress on obesity (ECO)

The corticotrophin-releasing factor/urocortin system regulates white fat browning in mice through paracrine mechanisms.

2015

Objectives:\ud The corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF)/urocortin system is expressed in the adipose tissue of mammals, but its functional role in this tissue remains unknown.\ud \ud Methods:\ud Pharmacological manipulation of the activity of CRF receptors, CRF1 and CRF2, was performed in 3T3L1 white pre-adipocytes and T37i brown pre-adipocytes during in vitro differentiation. The expression of genes of the CRF/urocortin system and of markers of white and brown adipocytes was evaluated along with mitochondrial biogenesis and cellular oxygen consumption. Metabolic evaluation of corticosterone-deficient or supplemented Crhr1-null (Crhr1−/−) mice and their wild-type controls was performed alo…