Search results for "Medical physics"

showing 10 items of 579 documents

Optimizing MRI contrast with optimal control theory

2016

International audience; Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) uses the difference in tissue relaxation times to create contrast. Various image weightings can be obtained by tuning acquisition parameters which are usually empirically defined. In this article, optimal control theory is used to design excitation pulses that produce the optimal contrast between given tissues. The designed pulses are tested on numerical phantoms with and without magnetic field inhomogeneities and for the first time in vitro on a small-animal MRI. The reasonable match between simulation and real experiments is promising for the development of such pulses in further in vivo applications.

[SDV.IB.IMA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging[SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/ImagingPhysics::Medical Physics[ SDV.IB.IMA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging
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Enhanced detection of contrast regions in echocardiograms by adaptive quantization

2002

The statistics of ultrasound echo images are governed by Rayleigh statistics. The authors derive some experimentally verifiable predictions of this theory, compare them with experimental results obtained from echocardiographic images, and derive a new color coding scheme, (adaptive quantization) that is adapted to the signal-dependent noise predicted by theory. This results in some technical advantages and in an improved discrimination of regions of the echo image that are enhanced by echo contrast material. >

business.industryQuantization (signal processing)Physics::Medical PhysicsEcho (computing)ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISIONContrast (statistics)Noisesymbols.namesakeSignal-to-noise ratioColors of noisesymbolsProbability distributionComputer visionArtificial intelligenceRayleigh scatteringbusinessAlgorithmMathematics[1991] Proceedings Computers in Cardiology
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Optisko metožu un ierīču izstrāde kardiovaskulārā stāvokļa kontrolei reālā laikā

2013

Elektroniskā versija nesatur pielikumus

capillary refillwireless transmissionFotopletizmogrāfijamultispectral photoplethysmographyFizikaMedical physicsRekapilarizācijaCardiovascular system - Diseases - DiagnosisKardiovaskulārā sistēma - Slimības - DiagnostikaPhotoplethysmographyMedicīniskā fizikaMultispektrālā fotopletizmogrāfijaBezvadu pārraide
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The anisotropic behaviour of a preoriented poly (ethylene terephthalate) during plastic deformations

1978

Data on the anisotropic tensile behavior of samples cut along several directions of a biaxially oriented PET sheet are here presented. Shear deformations were observed together with the usual elongations. The data are compared with the predictions of a non-linear model recently proposed.

chemistry.chemical_classificationEthyleneMaterials sciencePhysics::Medical PhysicsPolymerCondensed Matter Physicschemistry.chemical_compoundTensile behaviorShear (geology)chemistryGeneral Materials ScienceComposite materialAnisotropyPoly ethyleneRheologica Acta
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Musculoskeletal ultrasound in hemophilia: Results and recommendations from a global survey and consensus meeting

2021

Abstract Introduction For persons with hemophilia, optimization of joint outcomes is an important unmet need. The aim of this initiative was to determine use of ultrasound in evaluating arthropathy in persons with hemophilia, and to move toward consensus among hemophilia care providers regarding the preferred ultrasound protocols for global adaptation. Methods A global survey of hemophilia treatment centers was conducted that focused on understanding how and why ultrasound was being used and endeavored to move toward consensus definitions of both point‐of‐care musculoskeletal ultrasound (POC‐MSKUS) and full diagnostic ultrasound, terminology to describe structures being assessed by ultrasou…

congenital hereditary and neonatal diseases and abnormalitiesmedicine.medical_specialtyDiagnostic ultrasoundMusculoskeletal ultrasoundUnmet needsTerminologysurveyshemic and lymphatic diseaseshemophiliaHealth careMedicineImage acquisitionMedical physicsDiseases of the blood and blood-forming organsClinical caremusculoskeletalbusiness.industryOriginal ArticlesHematologyultrasonographyconsensus hemophilia musculoskeletal surveys ultrasonographyconsensusOriginal ArticlePatient representativesRC633-647.5businessResearch and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis
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Chronic neural probe for simultaneous recording of single-unit, multi-unit, and local field potential activity from multiple brain sites

2017

Drug resistant focal epilepsy can be treated by resecting the epileptic focus requiring a precise focus localisation using stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) probes. As commercial SEEG probes offer only a limited spatial resolution, probes of higher channel count and design freedom enabling the incorporation of macro and microelectrodes would help increasing spatial resolution and thus open new perspectives for investigating mechanisms underlying focal epilepsy and its treatment. This work describes a new fabrication process for SEEG probes with materials and dimensions similar to clinical probes enabling recording single neuron activity at high spatial resolution.Polyimide is used as a bi…

focal epilepsyMaterials scienceFocus (geometry)SEEGBiomedical EngineeringPosterior parietal cortexFOS: Physical sciencesBiocompatible Materials02 engineering and technologyLocal field potentialchronic; depth neural probe; focal epilepsy; in vivo; SEEG; single unit activity; stereoelectroencephalography; Biomedical Engineering; Cellular and Molecular NeuroscienceStereoelectroencephalographystereoelectroencephalography03 medical and health sciencesCellular and Molecular Neuroscience0302 clinical medicineParietal LobeAnimalsMulti unitImage resolutionEvoked PotentialsNeuronsBrainElectroencephalography021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyPhysics - Medical PhysicsMacaca mulattadepth neural probesingle unit activityElectrodes ImplantedchronicMicroelectrodein vivoQuantitative Biology - Neurons and CognitionFOS: Biological sciencesElectrodeFemaleNeurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)Epilepsies PartialMedical Physics (physics.med-ph)0210 nano-technologyMicroelectrodes030217 neurology & neurosurgeryBiomedical engineering
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"Figure 15" of "Two-particle azimuthal correlations in photonuclear ultraperipheral Pb+Pb collisions at 5.02 TeV with ATLAS"

2021

The measured $v_2$ and $v_3$ charged-particle anisotropies as a function of charged-particle multiplicity in photonuclear collisions

gamma + A --> XflowPhysics::Medical PhysicsNuclear Theory5020v_nazimuthal anisotropyNuclear Experiment
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"Figure 16 and 17" of "Two-particle azimuthal correlations in photonuclear ultraperipheral Pb+Pb collisions at 5.02 TeV with ATLAS"

2021

The measured $v_2$ and $v_3$ charged-particle anisotropies as a function of charged-particle transverse momentum in photonuclear collisions

gamma + A --> XflowPhysics::Medical PhysicsNuclear Theory5020v_nazimuthal anisotropyNuclear Experiment
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A new trifocal corneal inlay for presbyopia

2021

[EN] Corneal inlays (CIs) are the most recent surgical procedure for the treatment of presbyopia in patients who want complete independence from the use of glasses or contact lenses. Although refractive surgery in presbyopic patients is mostly performed in combination with cataract surgery, when the implantation of an intraocular lens is not necessary, the option of CIs has the advantage of being minimally invasive. Current designs of CIs are, either: small aperture devices, or refractive devices, however, both methods do not have good performance simultaneously at intermediate and near distances in eyes that are unable to accommodate. In the present study, we propose the first design of a …

genetic structuresComputer sciencemedicine.medical_treatmentScienceVisual AcuityBiophysicsFOS: Physical sciencesIntraocular lens01 natural sciencesArticle010309 opticsCornea03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineRefractive surgery0103 physical sciencesmedicineHumans03.- Garantizar una vida saludable y promover el bienestar para todos y todas en todas las edadesIn patientAdaptive opticsMultidisciplinaryInlayVision TestsQRPresbyopiaPresbyopiaCataract surgerymedicine.diseasePhysics - Medical PhysicsCorneal inlayeye diseasesRefractive Surgical ProceduresTreatment OutcomeOptics and photonicsPreclinical researchFISICA APLICADA030221 ophthalmology & optometryOptometryMedicineMedical Physics (physics.med-ph)sense organsPhysics - OpticsOptics (physics.optics)
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Estimation of the mechanical properties of the eye through the study of its vibrational modes.

2017

Measuring the eye's mechanical properties in vivo and with minimally invasive techniques can be the key for individualized solutions to a number of eye pathologies. The development of such techniques largely relies on a computational modelling of the eyeball and, it optimally requires the synergic interplay between experimentation and numerical simulation. In Astrophysics and Geophysics the remote measurement of structural properties of the systems of their realm is performed on the basis of (helio-)seismic techniques. As a biomechanical system, the eyeball possesses normal vibrational modes encompassing rich information about its structure and mechanical properties. However, the integral a…

genetic structureslcsh:MedicineEyeCornea0302 clinical medicineNormal modeMedicine and Health Scienceslcsh:ScienceLens (Anatomy)PhysicsMultidisciplinaryPhysicsClassical MechanicsEye MusclesInverse problemContact Lenses Hydrophilicmedicine.anatomical_structureBiological Physics (physics.bio-ph)Physical SciencessymbolsAnatomyResearch ArticleAcousticsOcular AnatomyMaterials ScienceMaterial PropertiesFOS: Physical sciencesCondensed Matter - Soft Condensed MatterModels BiologicalVibrationResonance03 medical and health sciencessymbols.namesakeOcular SystemElastic ModulusmedicineHumansMechanical PropertiesComputer SimulationPhysics - Biological PhysicsEigenvalues and eigenvectorsComputer simulationlcsh:RFinite difference methodBiology and Life SciencesEigenvaluesPhysics - Medical PhysicsPoisson's ratioeye diseasesResonance FrequencyVibrationAlgebraLinear Algebra030221 ophthalmology & optometryEyesSoft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)Human eyelcsh:QMedical Physics (physics.med-ph)sense organsHead030217 neurology & neurosurgeryMathematicsPLoS ONE
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