Search results for "Member state"
showing 10 items of 110 documents
Changes in radiological protection and quality control in Spanish dental installations: 1996-2003.
2008
Introduction: The European Union has established specific directives concerning radiological protection which are obligatory for member States. In addition, all Spanish dental clinics with radiological equipment are required to have an annual quality control check. Objective: To analyze the effect of new European legislation on dental radiological practice in Spain and to determine whether it has resulted in lower doses being administered to patients. Material and Methods: A total of 10,171 official radiological quality control reports on Spanish dental clinics, covering 16 autonomous regions, were studied following the passing of Royal Decree 2071/1995 on quality criteria in radiodiagnosti…
Magna Carta and the Charter of the European Union
2016
Peter Gjortler explains that the EU Charter was originally introduced as a non-binding re-statement of rights – already acknowledged or interpreted in the EU – with the Nice Treaty of 2001. It was supposed to be a binding document as part of the European Constitution but the latter was rejected notably by France via a referendum in 2005. It was then proposed as a legally binding instrument with the revised Lisbon Treaty. He develops a systematic comparative approach between Magna Carta and the provisions of the Charter of the European Union, notably:
European Collective Mark
2014
Previous chapters of Part II dealt with the protection of IGOs at the EU level, i.e. IGOs as unitary rights, through the direct protection system. However, protection of IGOs at the EU level may be ensured not only through the direct protection system, but also through trade mark protection system, namely, through protection as a Community collective mark. That protection is ensured by the Codifying Community Trade Mark Regulation, namely Title VIII containing Arts. 66–74 (previously—Arts. 64–72 of the Community Trade Mark Regulation). From the point of view of the territorial scope, Community collective mark differs from national collective marks of EU Member States. Generally trade mark l…
Il caso Mortier c. Belgique. L’eutanasia conseguente a sofferenze psichiche
2023
Il saggio esamina la pronuncia della Corte Europea dei Diritti dell'uomo sul caso Mortier c. Belgio ed evidenzia lo scivolamento della giurisprudenza europea verso la regolamentazione dell'eutanasia per sofferenze anche psichiche negli ordinamenti degli Stati membri.
EU Communication in the Member States: Comparative Analysis of Finnish and Italian Communication Strategies
2008
The aim of this paper is to analyze the information and communication policies and strategies developed by the European Union between 2001 and 2006 and their implementation in two member states, namely, Finland and Italy, from a public relations perspective. Six EU information and communication policies are presented, and it is discussed whether or not these policies affect the communication actions of the two selected member states and how these states have implemented them. The results indicate that EU communication strategies during this period were very similar in both countries and not sufficiently tailored to their individual needs. The study is based on a content analysis of EU docum…
How Brexit affects EU external action: The UK’s legacy in European international cooperation
2018
Abstract What exactly Brexit means for British engagement in European external affairs and development cooperation, is highly unclear, while its potential impact is considerable. After the general election in the UK on 8 June 2017, uncertainty regarding the direction, process and timing of the Brexit negotiations and the risk of a disorderly separation have risen further. The government position of a ‘hard Brexit’ seems no longer to be carved in stone. Yet, given the expected – total or partial – withdrawal of a major EU member state, like any area of EU politics, also European development policy faces a number of challenges: short-term problems regarding existing legal obligations, looming…
On Trojan Horses and revolving doors: Assessing the autonomy of national officials in the European Commission
2014
National officials working in international bureaucracies regularly invoke the fear that member states strategically use such officials for influencing decision making and agenda-setting to their advantage. This article theoretically analyses conditions under which the autonomy of national civil servants in international bureaucracies might become compromised. The ensuing predictions are then tested using a unique survey among seconded national experts (SNEs) in the European Commission (N ≈ 400). Finally, evaluating the characteristics linked to reduced autonomy among SNEs in the Commission, the article illustrates that these officials are, in practice, likely to be relatively independent from …
Evolution of the Defense Integration in Europe
2020
The notion of a defense Union has been played with since the beginning of the European integration. Despite hardships in deepening the integration further from that of the economy, the European Union has taken some significant steps regarding foreign and security policy from the early 1990’s to this day. Especially the last months’ implications concerning Permanent Structured Cooperation have brought the Union ever so closer to an effective defense union with a common military. However, all of the decision making concerning European Union foreign and security policy is based on the principles of intergovernmental-ism and consequently, the effectiveness of a potential European Defense Union …
Interplay Between Sustainable Development, Knowledge Society, and Smart Future Manufacturing Technologies in EU RTD Policy Documents, in the Work Pro…
2015
Modern societies create, share and use knowledge to grow wealth and well-being, in other words—to follow the principles of sustainable development on a broader scale. In such societies jobs no longer depend on basic manufacturing but on gaining and smartly applying the knowledge instead: developing and using the manufacturing technologies more efficiently. A knowledge-based society addresses the socio-economic challenges by international and inter-sectorial sharing of knowledge crucial for innovation. Sustainable development is a core EU objective ensuring our future being not compromised by our present socio-economic development. Policy-makers at the EU and Member State level have agreed t…
La creación de un nuevo orden público europeo en materia de privacidad como presupuesto para su garantía integral
2021
espanolLa normativa reciente en materia de proteccion de datos asi como los pronunciamientos del Tribunal de Justicia de la Union Europea en la cuestion y del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos sobre el derecho a la vida privada, refuerzan la idea de la existencia de un orden publico europeo distinto del orden publico interno e internacional de cada Estado miembro. En este sentido, se ha venido conformando una estrategia comunitaria y un orden publico europeo en torno a la concepcion de la vida intima y familiar y, en particular, al propio concepto de privacidad, cuyo alcance y significacion difiere de la conceptualizacion que, sobre estos elementos, se ha venido realizando por la doctrin…