Search results for "Membrane Transport"
showing 10 items of 215 documents
Cannabidiol prevents priming- and stress-induced reinstatement of the conditioned place preference induced by cocaine in mice
2021
[Background]: Cocaine dependence is an important problem without any effective pharmacological treatment. Some preclinical studies have suggested that cannabidiol (CBD), a component of the Cannabis sativa plant, could be useful for the treatment of cocaine use disorders.
[18F]PR04.MZ PET/CT Imaging for Evaluation of Nigrostriatal Neuron Integrity in Patients With Parkinson Disease.
2020
Introduction Degeneration of dopaminergic, nigrostriatal neurons is the hallmark of Parkinson disease (PD), and PET quantification of dopamine transporters is a widely accepted method for differential diagnosis between idiopathic PD and essential tremor. [18F]PR04.MZ is a new PET tracer with excellent imaging properties allowing for precise quantification of striatal and extrastriatal dopamine transporter. Here we describe our initial experience with [18F]PR04.MZ PET/CT in a larger cohort of healthy controls and PD patients as a proof-of-concept study for this tracer. Methods Eighteen healthy subjects, 19 early PD patients (Hoehn-Yahr I–II), and 13 moderate-advanced PD patients (Hoehn-Yahr …
Ex vivo and in vivo evaluation of [18F]PR04.MZ in rodents: a selective dopamine transporter imaging agent.
2009
N-4-Fluorobut-2-yn-1-yl-2beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-phenyltropane (PR04.MZ) has been developed as dopamine transporter (DAT) ligand for molecular imaging. It contains a terminally fluorinated, conformationally constrained nitrogen substituent that is well suited for the introduction of fluorine-18. The present report describes the pharmacological characterisation of [18F]PR04.MZ. The ligand shows an IC50 value of 2 nM against human DAT, whereas the IC50 value against human serotonin transporter and human noradrenalin transporter are lower (110 nM and 22 nM, respectively). Furthermore, its ex vivo organ distribution, its binding profile in the rat brain and reversibility of binding were examine…
Quantitation of GABA transporter 3 (GAT3) mRNA in rat brain by competitive RT-PCR.
1999
Gamma-amino butyric acid is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA transporters (GATs) remove GABA from the synaptic cleft. Till now, five distinct GABA transporters have been cloned and termed consecutively GAT1 to GAT4 and vGAT. To study the mechanisms by which tolerance and dependence associated with drugs enhancing GABAergic transmission is brought upon we analysed the mRNA expression levels of GATs in various brain regions under different conditions. In this paper, we describe our protocol for measurement of GAT3 mRNA expression, and its validation through control experiments for the various steps. We performed competitive reverse transcription and polymerase chain re…
Tiagabine, a gamma-amino-butyric acid transporter inhibitor impairs spatial learning of rats in the Morris water-maze.
2002
Abstract γ-Amino-butyric acid (GABA) is cleaved from the synaptic cleft by uptake via specific transporters. Inhibition of such transporters increases the effectiveness of physiologically released GABA. Increased GABAergic neurotransmission has an impact on learning and memory. Therefore, effects of tiagabine, a GABA-transporter inhibitor, were investigated on spatial orientation in the Morris water-maze. Rats were given four training trials per day for 4 days and a probe trial without platform on the 5th day. Compared to saline treated rats, rats treated daily with 20 mg/kg tiagabine showed impaired learning during the acquisition trials. Retrieval was impaired in rats treated only at the …
Association between neonatal temperament,SLC6A4,DRD4and a functional polymorphism located inTFAP2B
2011
Genetic studies on human personality have provided little satisfactory results to date mainly because of the complexity of this trait. Neonatal temperament using observational measures is an alternative phenotype to approach genetics to human behavior. An association study was conducted on 117 Caucasian newborns. Their temperament was evaluated using the Neonatal Behavior Assessment Scale 48 h after birth. Thirteen polymorphisms in the SLC6A4, DRD4 and TFAP2B genes were genotyped. Linear regression was performed to analyze data, and Bonferroni correction was applied. To check the functional effect of the TFAP2B Indel Intron 2 polymorphism, reporter gene luciferase assays using a mouse corti…
Goitrous Congenital Hypothyroidism and Hearing Impairment Associated with Mutations in the TPO and SLC26A4/PDS Genes
2006
Abstract Context: Pendred syndrome (PS) and thyroid peroxidase (TPO) deficiency are autosomal-recessive disorders that result in thyroid dyshormonogenesis. They share congenital hypothyroidism, goiter, and an iodide organification defect as common features. Whereas the hallmark of PS is sensorineural deafness, other forms of congenital hypothyroidism may also lead to hearing impairment. Therefore, a definite diagnosis may be difficult and require molecular genetic analyses. Case Report: The propositus presented at birth with primary hypothyroidism and goiter. He also had congenital bilateral moderate hearing loss, and PS was suspected. Methods: We sequenced the SLC26A4/PDS and TPO genes in …
The Association of Ambient Temperature and Violent Crime
2017
It is controversial if global warming will result into increased crime and conflict rate, and no causal neurobiological mechanisms have been proposed for the putative association between ambient temperature and aggressive behavior. This study shows that during 1996–2013, ambient temperature explained 10% of variance in the violent crime rate in Finland, corresponding to a 1.7% increase/degree centigrade. Ambient temperature also correlated with a one month delay in circannual changes in peripheral serotonin transporter density among both offenders and healthy control subjects, which itself correlated strongly with the monthly violent crime rate. This suggests that rise in temperature modula…
Effects of typical inducers on olfactory xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme, transporter, and transcription factor expression in rats.
2010
International audience; Several xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes (XMEs) have been identified in the olfactory mucosa (OM) of mammals. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of these enzymes have been little explored. In particular, information on the expression of the transcriptional factors in this tissue is quite limited. The aim of the present study was to examine the impact of five typical inducers, Aroclor 1254, 3-methylcholanthrene, dexamethasone, phenobarbital, and ethoxyquin, on the activities and mRNA expression of several XMEs in the OM and in the liver of rats. We also evaluated the effects of these treatments on the mRNA expression of transcription factors an…
European consensus conference on diagnosis and treatment of germ cell cancer: a report of the second meeting of the European Germ Cell Cancer Consens…
2008
Objectives: The first consensus report presented by the European Germ Cell Cancer Consensus Group (EGCCCG) in the year 2004 has found widespread approval by many colleagues throughout the world. In November 2006, the group met a second time under the auspices of the Department of Urology of the Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Methods: Medical oncologists, urological surgeons, radiation oncologists as well as pathologists from several European countries reviewed and discussed the data that had emerged since the 2002 conference, and incorporated the new data into updated and revised guidelines. As for the first meeting, the methodology of evidence-based medicine (EBM) wa…