Search results for "Memory disorder"
showing 10 items of 98 documents
Exploring recollection and familiarity impairments in Parkinson’s disease
2014
There is conflicting evidence on whether patients diagnosed with Parkinson's disease (PD) have cognitive deficits associated with episodic memory and particularly with recognition memory. The aim of the present study was to explore whether PD patients exhibit deficits in recollection and familiarity, the two processes involved in recognition. A sample of young healthy participants (22) was tested to verify that the experimental tasks were useful estimators of recognition processes. Two further samples ¿ one of elderly controls (16) and one of PD patients (20) ¿ were the main focus of this research. All participants were exposed to an associative recognition task aimed at estimating recollec…
Neurocognitive Impairment in Bipolar Patients With and Without History of Psychosis
2008
Objective: Little is known regarding the impact of psychotic symptoms on the cognitive functioning of bipolar patients. Findings from previous reports are controversial and mainly focused on current psychotic symptoms. The main aim of this study was to ascertain whether the history of psychotic symptoms was associated with greater cognitive impairment in euthymic bipolar patients. Method: Sixty-five euthymic bipolar disorder patients (DSM-IV criteria; 35 with a history of psychotic symptoms and 30 without such a history) were assessed through a neuropsychological battery targeting attention, psychomotor speed, verbal memory, and executive functions. Thirty-five healthy controls were also in…
Hemispatial neglect reflected on visual memory
2011
PURPOSE Recent studies of hemispatial neglect have revealed both lateralized and nonlateralized attention mechanisms contributing to the syndrome. In addition, neglect patients show impaired spatial working memory and diminished working memory capacity. The aim of this study was to investigate, how neglect would be reflected in their performances in commonly used clinical visual memory tests. METHODS Twelve patients with right hemisphere lesions and left neglect and twelve matched controls were assessed with the Behavioural Inattention Test, the visual reproduction of the WMS-R, the object memory test, the Rey figure test and the list learning test. Visuo-spatial span was explored with the …
Keeping memory clear and stable--the contribution of human basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex to working memory.
2010
Successful remembering involves both hindering irrelevant information from entering working memory (WM) and actively maintaining relevant information online. Using a voxelwise lesion-behavior brain mapping approach in stroke patients, we observed that lesions of the left basal ganglia render WM susceptible to irrelevant information. Lesions of the right prefrontal cortex on the other hand make it difficult to keep more than a few items in WM. These findings support basal ganglia-prefrontal cortex models of WM whereby the basal ganglia play a gatekeeper role and allow only relevant information to enter prefrontal cortex where this information then is actively maintained in WM.
Selective erasure of a fear memory
2009
International audience; Memories are thought to be encoded by sparsely distributed groups of neurons. However, identifying the precise neurons supporting a given memory (the memory trace) has been a long-standing challenge. We have shown previously that lateral amygdala (LA) neurons with increased cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (CREB) are preferentially activated by fear memory expression, which suggests that they are selectively recruited into the memory trace. We used an inducible diphtheria-toxin strategy to specifically ablate these neurons. Selectively deleting neurons overexpressing CREB (but not a similar portion of random LA neurons) after learning b…
Kotona asuvan muistisairaan henkilön ja hänen läheistensä teknologiaan liittyvät tarpeet ja toiveet
2018
Tutkimuksessa selvitettiin millaisia tarpeita ja toiveita kotona asuvilla muistisairailla ja heidän läheisillään on kotona asumista tukevaan teknologiaan liittyen. Tutkimukseen osallistui 25 kotona asuvaa muistisairasta henkilöä ja 25 heidän läheistään. Metodina käytettiin etnografista tutkimusotetta. Aineistonkeruumenetelminäolivat avoin haastattelua ja havainnointi. Analyysimenetelmänä käytettiin sisällön analyysiä. Tarpeet ja toiveet voitiin luokitella kolmeen pääluokkaan, jotka olivat itsemääräämisoikeuden säilyminen, sosiaalisten suhteiden säilyminen ja liikkumisen oikeus ja turvallisuus. Haasteita olivat yksinäisyyden kokemus, muistin ja toimintakyvyn heikkenemiseen liittyvät ongelmat…
How we compensate for memory loss in old age: adapting and validating the Memory Compensation Questionnaire (MCQ) for Spanish populations.
2012
Compensating entails using external strategies and mechanisms that help overcome or alleviate the decreasing memory function that comes with age. This study aims to adapt and validate the MCQ in the elderly Spanish population. A total of 403 elderly people aged between 65 and 92 in the city of Valencia (Spain) completed the questionnaire for the validation process. The factorial validity of the scale was tested using confirmatory factor analysis. The result showed a first order five-factor model with 23 items that met the criteria for model fit according to multiple fit indices. As a general conclusion, the adaptation into Spanish provided a reliable and valid measure of compensation in the…
Exposure to N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea in adult mice alters structural and functional integrity of neurogenic sites.
2011
BackgroundPrevious studies have shown that prenatal exposure to the mutagen N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU), a N-nitroso compound (NOC) found in the environment, disrupts developmental neurogenesis and alters memory formation. Previously, we showed that postnatal ENU treatment induced lasting deficits in proliferation of neural progenitors in the subventricular zone (SVZ), the main neurogenic region in the adult mouse brain. The present study is aimed to examine, in mice exposed to ENU, both the structural features of adult neurogenic sites, incorporating the dentate gyrus (DG), and the behavioral performance in tasks sensitive to manipulations of adult neurogenesis.Methodology/principal findin…
Occurrence of cognitive impairment and dementia in the community: a 9-year-long prospective study.
2008
Objective: To determine incidence rates of non-dementia cognitive impairment, to examine the impact of attrition due to death on the observed incidence estimates, and to compare the observed and corrected estimates of non-dementia cognitive impairment with dementia incidence rates. Methods: A total of 1,435 persons without dementia aged 75+ from the Kungsholmen Project were evaluated for occurrence of dementia over 9 years. A total of 1,070 cognitively unimpaired subjects were also followed using amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and other cognitive impairment, no dementia (OCIND) definitions. To correct the observed incidence rates for attrition due to death, cognitive status for s…
Visual memory in Alzheimer patients: effects of practice, retention interval and severity of cognitive decline.
1995
The study was aimed at estimating the effect size of practice, retention interval and dementia severity on free recall performance in Alzheimer patients. Patients met DSM-III-R criteria for dementia of Alzheimer type. Different picture sets were presented on 4 days. The forgetting curves on different days were compared using ANOVA for repeated measurements. Practice had a minor, but significant negative effect on recall performance explaining 1% of the variance in recall performance. The retention interval varied between zero and 24 h explaining 23% of the total variance. Dementia severity explained 52% of the variance. For the development of memory improvement strategies in Alzheimer patie…