Search results for "Memory."
showing 10 items of 1949 documents
Second Language Interference during First Language Processing by Arabic-English Bilinguals.
2017
The research investigated whether a bilinguals’ second language (L2) is activated during a task involving only the first language (L1). We tested the hypothesis that the amount of L2 interference can vary across settings, with less interference occurring in testing locations where L2 is rarely used. In Experiment 1, we compared language processing for 50 Arabic–English bilinguals tested in Saudi Arabia and 49 Arabic–English tested in the United States. In the task, participants viewed a picture and judged whether a phoneme presented over headphones was part of the L1 picture name. The results showed no effect of testing location on processing. For both groups of bilinguals, we observed L2 i…
Spatial Memory Drives Foraging Strategies of Wolves, but in Highly Individual Ways
2022
The ability of wild animals to navigate and survive in complex and dynamic environments depends on their ability to store relevant information and place it in a spatial context. Despite the centrality of spatial memory, and given our increasing ability to observe animal movements in the wild, it is perhaps surprising how difficult it is to demonstrate spatial memory empirically. We present a cognitive analysis of movements of several wolves (Canis lupus) in Finland during a summer period of intensive hunting and den-centered pup-rearing. We tracked several wolves in the field by visiting nearly all GPS locations outside the den, allowing us to identify the species, location and timing of ne…
A gearbox model for processing large volumes of data by using pipeline systems encapsulated into virtual containers
2020
Software pipelines enable organizations to chain applications for adding value to contents (e.g., confidentially, reliability, and integrity) before either sharing them with partners or sending them to the cloud. However, the pipeline components add overhead when processing large volumes of data, which can become critical in real-world scenarios. This paper presents a gearbox model for processing large volumes of data by using pipeline systems encapsulated into virtual containers. In this model, the gears represent applications, whereas gearboxes represent software pipelines. This model was implemented as a collaborative system that automatically performs Gear up (by using parallel patterns…
Cognitive Deficits and Associated ERP N400 Abnormalities in FXTAS With Parkinsonism
2018
Objective: To examine cognitive deficits and associated brain activity in fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) patients with parkinsonism (FXTp+), in relation to FXTAS patients without parkinsonism (FXTp-), and normal elderly controls (NC). Methods: Retrospective reviews were performed in 65 FXTAS patients who participated in the event-related brain potential (ERP) study and also had either a videotaped neurological examination or a neurological examination for extrapyramidal signs. Parkinsonism was defined as having bradykinesia with at least one of the following: rest tremor, postural instability, hypermyotonia, or rigidity. Eleven FXTp+ patients were identified and compare…
Association between osteocalcin and cognitive performance in healthy older adults.
2016
INTRODUCTION: cognitive deterioration and reductions of bone health coincide with increasing age. We examine the relationship between bone composition and plasma markers of bone remodelling with measures of cognitive performance in healthy adults.METHODS: this cross-sectional study included 225 old (52% women, mean age: 74.4 ± 3.3 years) and 134 young (52% women, mean age: 23.4 ± 2.7 years) adult participants from the MyoAge project. Whole body bone mineral density was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Blood analyses included a panel of bone-related peptides (dickkopf-1, osteoprotegerin, osteocalcin (OC), osteopontin, sclerostin, parathyroid hormone and fibroblast growth factor …
Mechanisms involved in the control of feeding behavior in relation to food flavor
2016
Revue; IntroductionIntake is one of the most essential behaviors, since human beings, like any living organism, require adequate nutrients for their survival. Ingestive behavior is controlled to maintain energy balance by peripheral and central mechanisms. When physiological needs are not being met, they will lead to motivation. Thus, being hungry will motivate us to find food, and the motivation will cease when needs are met. Ingestive behavior is thus initially due to a need related to internal signals (Fig. 10.1), in this case, hunger (physiological need) and appetite (urge to eat a food from which we expect pleasure and satisfaction). Sensory (visual, olfactory and, to a lesser extent, …
Polygenic association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder liability and cognitive impairments.
2022
AbstractBackgroundA recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified 12 independent loci significantly associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Polygenic risk scores (PRS), derived from the GWAS, can be used to assess genetic overlap between ADHD and other traits. Using ADHD samples from several international sites, we derived PRS for ADHD from the recent GWAS to test whether genetic variants that contribute to ADHD also influence two cognitive functions that show strong association with ADHD: attention regulation and response inhibition, captured by reaction time variability (RTV) and commission errors (CE).MethodsThe discovery GWAS included 19 099 ADHD cases …
Role for Chromatin Remodeling Factor Chd1 in Learning and Memory
2019
Precise temporal and spatial regulation of gene expression in the brain is a prerequisite for cognitive processes such as learning and memory. Epigenetic mechanisms that modulate the chromatin structure have emerged as important regulators in this context. While posttranslational modification of histones or the modification of DNA bases have been examined in detail in many studies, the role of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling factors (ChRFs) in learning- and memory-associated gene regulation has largely remained obscure. Here we present data that implicate the highly conserved chromatin assembly and remodeling factor Chd1 in memory formation and the control of immediate early gene (IEG) r…
Dynamics of brain activity underlying working memory for music in a naturalistic condition
2012
Working memory (WM) is at the core of any cognitive function as it is necessary for the integration of information over time. Despite WM’s critical role in high-level cognitive functions, its implementation in the neural tissue is poorly understood. Preliminary studies on auditory WM show differences between linguistic and musical memory, leading to the speculation of specific neural networks encoding memory for music. Moreover, in neuroscience WM has not been studied in naturalistic listening conditions but rather in artificial settings (e.g., n-back and Sternberg tasks). Western tonal music provides naturally occurring motivic repetition and variation, recognizable units serving as WM tri…
Pamięć wspólnotowa a tradycja konstytucyjna
2019
There are two dates of particular importance for Polish collective memory, namely 11November 1918 – the day of the regaining of independence after 123 years of partitions, and 4 June 1989 – the day which started the process of Poland regaining its full internal and external sovereignty. These two turning points determine the beginnings of the respective discourses on the directions of changes in the political systems of the Second and Third Republics. This paper focuses on the discourses concerning the political systems during the periods of transition and is based on the content of The March Constitution of 1921 and The Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 1997. A basic law is a text …