Search results for "Memory."
showing 10 items of 1949 documents
Effects of Acute Stress on the Oscillatory Activity of the Hippocampus–Amygdala–Prefrontal Cortex Network
2021
Displaying a stress response to threatening stimuli is essential for survival. These reactions must be adjusted to be adaptive. Otherwise, even mental illnesses may develop. Describing the physiological stress response may contribute to distinguishing the abnormal responses that accompany the pathology, which may help to improve the development of both diagnoses and treatments. Recent advances have elucidated many of the processes and structures involved in stress response management; however, there is still much to unravel regarding this phenomenon. The main aim of the present research is to characterize the response of three brain areas deeply involved in the stress response (i.e., to an …
Inhibition of adult hippocampal neurogenesis disrupts contextual learning but spares spatial working memory, long-term conditional rule retention and…
2009
Neurogenesis in the adult dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus has been implicated in neural plasticity and cognition but the specific functions contributed by adult-born neurons remain controversial. Here, we have explored the relationship between adult hippocampal neurogenesis and memory function using tasks which specifically require the participation of the DG. In two separate experiments several groups of rats were exposed to fractionated ionizing radiation (two sessions of 7 Gy each on consecutive days) applied either to the whole brain or focally, aiming at a region overlying the hippocampus. The immunocytochemical assays showed that the radiation significantly reduced the expressio…
Working Memory Alterations Plays an Essential Role in Developing Global Neuropsychological Impairment in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
2021
BackgroundNeuropsychological profile of Indian Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) subjects remains unidentified and needs to be evaluated.MethodsA total of 69 DMD and 66 controls were subjected to detailed intelligence and neuropsychological assessment. The factor indexes were derived from various components of Malin’s Intelligence Scale for Indian Children (MISIC) and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT).ResultsPoor verbal and visual memory profiles were demonstrated by DMDs, which include RAVLT-immediate recall (IR) (p = 0.042), RAVLT-delayed recall (DR) (p = 0.009), Rey–Osterrieth complex figure test (RCFT)-IR (p = 0.001), and RCFT-DR (p = 0.001). RAVLT-memory efficiency index demons…
Lesion load may predict long-term cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis patients
2015
Background: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) techniques provided evidences into the understanding of cognitive impairment (CIm) in Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Objectives: To investigate the role of white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) in predicting long-term CIm in a cohort of MS patients. Methods: 303 out of 597 patients participating in a previous multicenter clinical-MRI study were enrolled (49.4% were lost at follow-up). The following MRI parameters, expressed as fraction (f) of intracranial volume, were evaluated: cerebrospinal fluid (CSF-f), WM-f, GM-f and abnormal WM (AWM-f), a measure of lesion load. Nine years later, cognitive status was assessed in 241 patients using the Symbol Dig…
Early handling effect on female rat spatial and non-spatial learning and memory
2014
This study aims at providing an insight into early handling procedures on learning and memory performance in adult female rats. Early handling procedures were started on post-natal day 2 until 21, and consisted in 15 min, daily separations of the dams from their litters. Assessment of declarative memory was carried out in the novel-object recognition task; spatial learning, reference- and working memory were evaluated in the Morris water maze (MWM). Our results indicate that early handling induced an enhancement in: (1) declarative memory, in the object recognition task, both at 1h and 24h intervals; (2) reference memory in the probe test and working memory and behavioral flexibility in the…
Reliģiski-filozofiski raksti, Speciālizlaidums I
2022
A special issue, “Remembering the Past and the Future - Korean Culture in a Changing World,” is devoted to understanding Korean culture. Regardless of the bulk of comprehensive information available today, accurate knowledge of the Asian culture in Europe or the European culture in Asia has not become considerably deeper. Sometimes even to the contrary – the old stereotypes continue to exist as part of the packaging for pseudo information adjusted to the short-term goals of the contemporary globalised society, supplemented by travel guides and announcements tailored to the needs of immediate politically economic conjuncture. And yet, this is only the top of the intercultural communication i…
Empirical evidence for musical syntax processing? Computer simulations reveal the contribution of auditory short-term memory
2014
During the last decade, it has been argued that (1) music processing involves syntactic representations similar to those observed in language, and (2) that music and language share similar syntactic-like processes and neural resources. This claim is important for understanding the origin of music and language abilities and, furthermore, it has clinical implications. The Western musical system, however, is rooted in psychoacoustic properties of sound, and this is not the case for linguistic syntax. Accordingly, musical syntax processing could be parsimoniously understood as an emergent property of auditory memory rather than a property of abstract processing similar to linguistic processing.…
The effect of round-off error on long memory processes
2011
We study how the round-off (or discretization) error changes the statistical properties of a Gaussian long memory process. We show that the autocovariance and the spectral density of the discretized process are asymptotically rescaled by a factor smaller than one, and we compute exactly this scaling factor. Consequently, we find that the discretized process is also long memory with the same Hurst exponent as the original process. We consider the properties of two estimators of the Hurst exponent, namely the local Whittle (LW) estimator and the Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA). By using analytical considerations and numerical simulations we show that, in presence of round-off error, both…
The identification of social economy companies in Spain. Legal problems
2018
La Ley de Economía Social 5/2001 nace con el objetivo de configurar un marco jurídico que de visibilidad a la economía social y le otorgue mayor seguridad jurídica; y con esta finalidad define la economía social y establece los requisitos que deben cumplir las entidades denominadas de economía social. Esos requisitos hacen referencia a la condición de entidad privada, al desarrollo de una actividad económica con criterios empresariales y al cumplimiento de ciertos fines y principios. Las entidades de la economía social deben perseguir el interés general, de forma directa o en conjunción con los intereses de sus miembros usuarios, y deben actuar conforme con ciertos principios que pueden cal…
Homing and memory patterns of human gammadelta T cells in physiopathological situations.
2004
Vgamma9Vdelta2 are a heterogeneous population of T cells and comprise distinct naive, memory and effector populations that can be distinguished on the basis of surface marker expression and effector functions. We review here these recently studied features of Vgamma9Vdelta2 T lymphocyte biology and the roles they play in infectious and autoimmune diseases.