Search results for "Memory."
showing 10 items of 1949 documents
Dal martire al cacciatore. Traduzioni intersemiotiche dell’eroismo antimafia
2022
Questo contributo muove da un'analisi comparativa tra la biografia di Alfonso Sabella "Cacciatore di mafiosi" (Mondadori, 2008) e le prime due stagioni della fiction Rai "Il Cacciatore" (2018-2020), tratte dal libro. L'obbiettivo è problematizzare questo processo di traduzione intersemiotica alla luce dell'evoluzione dei modelli d'eroismo dei personaggi. Nel saggio, ricolleghiamo questa evoluzione a una riflessione più generale sulla natura transmediale della memoria collettiva, sempre più legata allo spettacolo del passato costruito dai media, che ibridano tra loro generi diversi. Per situare le tendenze contemporanee della memoria dell'eroismo antimafia all'interno di una genealogia pià a…
Loss of spatial learning in a patient with topographical disorientation in new environments
2003
The case is described of a patient who, following cerebral hypoxia, developed severe difficulty in orienting himself in new environments in the context of a mild global amnesic syndrome. Some episodes he related suggested that his main difficulty was remembering the spatial/directional value of landmarks he recognised. A neuroradiological examination documented severe bilateral atrophy of the hippocampi associated with atrophic changes in the cerebral hemispheres, most marked in the dorsal regions. Neuropsychological and experimental evaluation showed a severe deficit of spatial learning with substantially preserved ability to learn verbal and visual-object information. He was also virtuall…
Low-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the Right Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Enhances Recognition Memory in Alzheimer’s Dis…
2019
Background: The lack of effective pharmacological or behavioral interventions for memory impairments associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) emphasizes the need for the investigation of approaches based on neuromodulation. Objective: This study examined the effects of inhibitory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of prefrontal cortex on recognition memory in AD patients. Methods: In a first experiment, 24 mild AD patients received sham and real 1Hz rTMS over the left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), in different sessions, between encoding and retrieval phases of a non-verbal recognition memory task. In a second experiment, another group of 14 AD patients u…
Neuroprotective action of diazepam at very low and moderate doses in Alzheimer's disease model rats
2018
Abstract Early manifestations of Alzheimer's disease (AD) include neuroinflammation, disrupted neurotransmission and cognitive deficits. Impairment of the GABAergic system is essentially involved in the pathogenesis of AD. Traditionally, agonists of GABAA receptors at doses above 1 mg/kg are known to possess memory impairing effects. However, we have previously found that GABAA receptor GABA site ligand muscimol at very low doses acted contrary – enhanced spatial learning/memory, as well as prevented neuroinflammation and augmented neurotransmission in AD model rats. Therefore, in the present study we focused on the assessment of the effects of non-sedative – very low (0.05 mg/kg) and moder…
Neural stem cell lineage-specific cannabinoid type-1 receptor regulates neurogenesis and plasticity in the adult mouse hippocampus
2018
Abstract Neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult mouse hippocampus occur in a specific neurogenic niche, where a multitude of extracellular signaling molecules converges to regulate NSC proliferation as well as fate and functional integration. However, the underlying mechanisms how NSCs react to extrinsic signals and convert them to intracellular responses still remains elusive. NSCs contain a functional endocannabinoid system, including the cannabinoid type-1 receptor (CB1). To decipher whether CB1 regulates adult neurogenesis directly or indirectly in vivo, we performed NSC-specific conditional inactivation of CB1 by using triple-transgenic mice. Here, we show that lack of CB1 in NSCs is su…
Memory-enhancing and brain protein expression-stimulating effects of novel calcium antagonist in Alzheimer’s disease transgenic female mice
2016
The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is higher in females than in males, and causes more severe cognitive, memory and behavioral impairments. Previously, in male transgenic (Tg) APPSweDI mice, we reported that the novel lipophilic 1,4-dihydropyridine (DHP) derivative AP-12 crossed the blood-brain barrier, blocked neuronal and vascular calcium channels, changed brain protein expression and improved behavior. In this study, we used female Tg APPSweDI mice to assess the effects of AP-12 on behavior, and brain protein expression, with a particular focus on those of the GABAergic system. The results showed that in female Tg mice, similar to male Tg mice, AP-12 improved spatial learning/mem…
Dopamine restores limbic memory loss, dendritic spine structure, and NMDAR-dependent LTD in the nucleus accumbens of alcohol-withdrawn rats
2018
Alcohol abuse leads to aberrant forms of emotionally salient memory, i.e., limbic memory, that promote escalated alcohol consumption and relapse. Accordingly, activity-dependent structural abnormalities are likely to contribute to synaptic dysfunctions that occur from suddenly ceasing chronic alcohol consumption. Here we show that alcohol-dependent male rats fail to perform an emotional-learning task during abstinence but recover their functioning byl-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanin (l-DOPA) administration during early withdrawal.l-DOPA also reverses the selective loss of dendritic “long thin” spines observed in medium spiny neurons of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell of alcohol-dependent rats d…
Sexually Dimorphic Behavioral Profile in a Transgenic Model Enabling Targeted Recombination in Active Neurons in Response to Ketamine and (2R,6R)-Hyd…
2020
Background: Rapid-acting antidepressants ketamine and (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine ((2R,6R)-HNK) have overcome some of the major limitations of classical antidepressants. However, little is known about sex-specific differences in the behavioral and molecular effects of ketamine and (2R,6R)-HNK in rodents. Methods: We treated mice with an intraperitoneal injection of either saline, ketamine (30 mg kg&minus
Drosophila Acquires a Long-Lasting Body-Size Memory from Visual Feedback
2019
Summary Grasping an object or crossing a trench requires the integration of information on the operating distance of our limbs with precise distance estimation. The reach of our hands and step size of our legs are learned by the visual feedback we get during our actions. This implicit knowledge of our peripersonal space is first acquired during infancy but will be continuously updated throughout our whole life [ 1 ]. In contrast, body size of holometabolous insects does not change after metamorphosis; nevertheless, they do have to learn their body reaches at least once. The body size of Drosophila imagines can vary by about 15% depending on environmental factors like food quality and temper…
Reward-related limbic memory and stimulation of the cannabinoid system: An upgrade in value attribution?
2018
While a lot is known about the mechanisms promoting aversive learning, the impact of rewarding factors on memory has received comparatively less attention. This research investigates reward-related explicit memory in male rats, by taking advantage of the emotional-object recognition test. This is based on the prior association, during conditioned learning, between a rewarding experience (the encounter with a receptive female rat) and an object; afterwards rat discrimination and recognition of the â emotional objectâ is recorded in the presence of a novel object, as a measure of positive limbic memory formation. Since endocannabinoids are critical for processing reward and motivation, the co…