Search results for "Mental Model"
showing 10 items of 89 documents
Experimental investigations on a model of cryogenic edema.
1987
The role of mechanisms underlying formation and progression of vasogenic brain edema is investigated. On this purpose, cerebral edema was produced by cortical freezing in two different brain situations in rabbits (with or without replacement of bone flap). BBB (Blood-Brain Barrier) breakdown was evaluated by observation of Evans blue extravation, while a histopathological evaluation was carried out by light and transmission electron microscopy. Water content of brain tissue was determined by the wet/dry weight ratio method. Comparison of extension and intensity of cerebral edema between these two groups of animals shows a statistically significant difference: there was evidence of higher wa…
The extracorporeal perfusion of the female pig detrusor as an experimental model for the study of bladder contractility.
2007
Aims The objective of the study was to establish an experimental model for the extracorporeal perfusion of the pig detrusor. In order to validate this model we examined some biochemical parameters and determined the effect of carbachol on the contractility of perfused female pig bladders. Methods Twenty-six pig bladders were perfused with Krebs–Ringer bicarbonate-glucose buffer for a period up to 5 hr with the aim to preserve a viable organ, which would be responsive to contraction-inducing agents. The intravesical pressure of the bladder as well as the intraarterial pressure of the vesical arteries were recorded before and after administration of carbachol. Results The perfusate pH, lactat…
Influence of age on osteoarthritis progression after anterior cruciate ligament transection in rats.
2013
Abstract The anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) model of osteoarthritis (OA) in young rats is widely used to study the pathogenesis of OA and possible treatment approaches. As aging is a key factor in the progression of this condition, it is hypothesized that animals may vary in their responses to ACLT according to their age. The histopathological features of young (2 month-old) and middle-aged (12 month-old) rats in the presence or absence of ACLT were compared. The results indicated that moderate degradative changes can be detected in the knee joints of sham-operated middle-aged rats compared with young animals. After ACLT, cartilage degradation was significantly higher in midd…
Demonstration Tasks for Assessment
2017
International audience; Learning from animations is conventionally measured using static assessment tools such as multiple choice tests or extended answer questions. These tools tend to rely heavily on textual information both for presenting the assessment items and as the medium for learner response. However, such assessments are not well aligned with the defining dynamic, pictorial characteristics of animated learning materials. This chapter considers the potential of demonstration tasks to offer more appropriate assessments of learning from animation. In these tasks, learners interact with a manipulable model of the animation’s subject matter to provide an explanatory account of how it c…
Instrument transfer as knowledge transfer in neurophysiology: François Magendie's (1783-1855) early attempts to measure cerebrospinal fluid pressure.
2007
Francois Magendie's (1783-1855) experimental model for measuring blood pressure in animals, which he developed in 1838, had a major impact on French physiology in the nineteenth century, especially upon Etienne-Jules Marey (1830-1904) in Paris. In due course it was also adopted by other European investigators, such as the Leipzig physiologist Carl Ludwig (1816-1895), and by clinicians who developed it into a major measuring tool. Historians of science, however, have paid hardly any attention to Magendie's further laboratory investigations conducted with the assistance of Jean-Louis Marie Poiseuille's (1799-1869) sphygmometre (blood pressure meter). After having used the apparatus to conduct…
Development of conditional reasoning and Wason's selection task
2004
Influent theories on human reasoning have suggested that Wason's selection task is so difficult because it involves heuristic and implicit processes. However, recent studies have demonstrated the implication of deductive activities. Poor performance on this task would thus result from some of its characteristics that impede the use of deductive processes. In the present experiment, we hypothesised that a modified abstract selection task that induces analytic and deductive processes should lead to better performance than the standard version of the task. Moreover, deductive activities are strongly affected by development (Markovits et Barrouillet, 2002). Thus, we predicted a strong developme…
A Conceptual Review on Using Consequential Life Cycle Assessment Methodology for the Energy Sector
2020
Energy is engaged in the supply chain of many economic sectors; therefore, the environmental impacts of the energy sector are indirectly linked to those of other sectors. Consequential life cycle assessment (CLCA) is an appropriate methodology to examine the direct and indirect environmental impacts of a product due to technological, economic or social changes. To date, different methodological approaches are proposed, combining economic and environmental models. This paper reviews the basic concept of CLCA and the coupling of economic and environmental models for performing CLCA in the energy sector during the period 2006–2020, with the aim to provide a description of the different tools, …
‘Acting-out’ dynamics : Can physical manipulation foster building of mental models from animation?
2016
International audience; The effects of (i) learner demonstration (using a manipulable model) and (ii) writing for understanding on learning from an animation of a Scotch Yoke mechanism were compared in a time-controlled investigation. Post-tests assessed the quality of the Scotch Yoke mental model acquired in the two learning conditions. On the basis of the Animation Processing Model (Lowe & Boucheix, 2008), we hypothesized that participants in the demonstration condition should outperform those in the writing condition because having to demonstrate the behaviors of the Scotch Yoke would result in deeper processing of crucial dynamic information in the animation. Results of the investigatio…
The dual nature of design management
2018
Design management profession has probably got the least attention in the construction industry. One reason could be the lack of explicit conceptualizations about its nature, subject matter and principles. In this article, a conceptual design management framework is proposed on the premise that design management is the management of a structured system of object and subject-oriented, technical and social design activities. Additionally, an example of a mediating visual model is proposed to facilitate the discussions about design activities and design management in academia and practice. The two major premises of this research are 1) as design management is the management of design activity, …
Assessment of data and parameter uncertainties in integrated water-quality model
2011
In integrated urban drainage water quality models, due to the fact that integrated approaches are basically a cascade of sub-models (simulating sewer system, wastewater treatment plant and receiving water body), uncertainty produced in one sub-model propagates to the following ones depending on the model structure, the estimation of parameters and the availability and uncertainty of measurements in the different parts of the system. Uncertainty basically propagates throughout a chain of models in which simulation output from upstream models is transferred to the downstream ones as input. The overall uncertainty can differ from the simple sum of uncertainties generated in each sub-model, dep…