Search results for "MetS"
showing 10 items of 511 documents
Sectoral policies cause incoherence in forest management and ecosystem service provisioning
2022
Various national policies guide forest use, but often with competing policy objectives leading to divergent management paradigms. Incoherent policies may negatively impact the sustainable provision of forest ecosystem services (FES), and forest multifunctionality. There is uncertainty among policymakers about the impacts of policies on the real world. We translated the policy documents of Finland into scenarios including the quantitative demands for FES, representing: the national forest strategy (NFS), the biodiversity strategy (BDS), and the bioeconomy strategy (BES). We simulated a Finland-wide systematic sample of forest stands with alternative management regimes and climate change. Fin…
Regional sustainability transition through forest-based bioeconomy? Development actors' perspectives on related policies, power, and justice
2022
Forests and forest-based bioeconomy have central roles in the contemporary sustainability transition. However, the transition towards a bioeconomy is loaded with tensions regarding economic growth, ecological integrity, and social justice. These tensions reproduce varying transition discourses. Political actors at the level of the European Union (EU) and nation states take part in the processes creating the discourses and aim to govern the forest bioeconomy-based transition in certain directions viewed as favourable. The transition tensions are strongly felt in regions that are rich with forest resources but poor in terms of economic and political power, called ‘forest peripheries’. In this…
Comparing soil inventory with modelling: Carbon balance in central European forest soils varies among forest types
2018
Abstract Forest soils represent a large carbon pool and already small changes in this pool may have an important effect on the global carbon cycle. To predict the future development of the soil organic carbon (SOC) pool, well-validated models are needed. We applied the litter and soil carbon model Yasso15 to 1838 plots of the German national forest soil inventory (NFSI) for the period between 1985 and 2014 to enables a direct comparison to the NFSI measurements. In addition, to provide data for the German Greenhouse Gas Inventory, we simulated the development of SOC with Yasso15 applying a climate projection based on the RCP8.5 scenario. The initial model-calculated SOC stocks were adjusted…
Spatial trade-offs between ecological and economical sustainability in the boreal production forest
2022
Economically-oriented forestry aims to sustain timber harvest revenues, while ecologically-oriented management supplies suitable habitat for species using deadwood as primary habitat. As these objectives are conflicting, planning for economic and ecological sustainability involves compromise and trade-offs. We analyze the spatial trade-offs between the economic value from timber harvesting and the volume of deadwood in the boreal forest. We assess these trade-offs from three perspectives: (1) landscape characteristics, affected by conservation strategies; (2) forest management promoting either economic or ecological values; (3) uncertainty in inventory errors undermining the estimate of the…
Organic material dissolved during oxygen-alkali pulping of hot-water-extracted spruce sawdust
2016
Untreated and hot-water-extracted (HWE) Norway spruce (Picea abies) sawdust was cooked using the sulfur-free oxygen-alkali (OA) method under the following conditions: temperature, 170 °C; liquor-to-wood ratio, 5:1 L/kg; and NaOH charge, 19% on the oven-dry sawdust. In comparison with earlier studies conducted with birch sawdust, the spruce cooking yield data, together with the amount of the pulp rejects (78% to 86% for reference pulps from the initial feedstock and 73% to 83% for pulps from the HWE feedstock), revealed that the pretreatment stage prior to spruce OA pulping caused different effects on pulping performance. The analyses of the three main compound groups (i.e., lignin, volatile…
Kuvia metsäkansan luontosuhteista
2021
Olin jo vuosia kerännyt satunnaisesti metsistä löytämiäni roskia. Syyskuussa 2019 aloin kantaa päivittäisillä retkillä mukanani pusseja ja kerätä roskia järjestelmällisesti. Pussit täyttyivät nopeasti tupakantumpeista, käärepapereista, juomatölkeistä, shampoopulloista, miesten boksereista sekä kaikesta muusta ilmeisestä ja yllättävästä.
Sulfur-free pulping of hot-water-extracted spruce sawdust
2016
Softwood (Picea abies) sawdust was hot-water-extracted with two multi-phase processes (160-180°C, 100-280 min, and liquor-to-wood ratio 5 l/kg) corresponding to P-factors of ~780 (yield 80.0%) and ~4580 (yield 72.4%). The pre-treated materials were then pulped with the soda-AQ cooking (170°C, NaOH charge 20%, AQ charge 0.1%, 30-150 min, and liquor-to-wood ratio 5 l/kg), resulting in a yield range of 36.1-61.4% (for reference cooks without pre-extraction 47.9-60.0%). It was observed that the pre-extraction under moderate conditions enhanced the dissolution especially of large-molar-mass lignin during cooking, and the total amount of the dissolved lignin was also higher than that removed from…
Transformation of Ochratoxin A by Microorganisms Isolated from Tempranillo Grapes in Wine Systems
2020
Mycotoxins are toxic metabolites produced by various genera of fungi. Fungi belonging to species of the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium are the main source of ochratoxin A (OTA) in wine. The reduction of OTA in must and wine has been studied using physical, chemical, and biological technologies. In this paper, we report on the capacity of different cultures isolated from Tempranillo winegrapes contaminated with fungus to degrade OTA in tryptic soy broth (TSB) medium at pH 3.5 and 6.5. We studied the interaction between OTA and four isolates during alcoholic fermentation of red wine. This study showed that microorganism isolates reduced the content of OTA in TSB medium and in the wine exp…
High rates of short-term dynamics of forest ecosystem services
2021
Currently, the main tools for assessing and managing ecosystem services at large scales are maps providing snapshots of their potential supply. However, many ecosystems change over short timescales; thus, such maps soon become inaccurate. Here we show high rates of short-term dynamics of three key forest ecosystem services: wood production, bilberry production and topsoil carbon storage. Almost 85% of the coldspots and 65% of the hotspots for these services had changed into a different state over a ten-year period. Wood production showed higher rates of short-term dynamics than bilberry production and carbon storage. The high rates of dynamics mean that static snapshot ecosystem service map…
High boreal forest multifunctionality requires continuous cover forestry as a dominant management
2021
Intensive extraction of forest resources lowers biodiversity and endangers the functioning of forest ecosystems. As such, alternative management regimes have emerged, aspiring to promote forest biodiversity and nature protection in managed forests. Among them, continuous cover forestry, (i.e. selective logging), has received considerable attention and is being promoted by some researchers and NGOs. Yet, the full consequences of banning clear-cuts (i.e. rotation forestry) and replacing it entirely with continuous cover forest remains uncertain. We explore how restricting forest management alternatives (either rotation forestry or continuous cover forestry) will affect landscape-scale forest …