Search results for "Metabolic Disease"
showing 10 items of 778 documents
Angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists in animal models of vascular, cardiac, metabolic and renal disease
2016
AbstractWe have reviewed the effects of angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists (ARBs) in various animal models of hypertension, atherosclerosis, cardiac function, hypertrophy and fibrosis, glucose and lipid metabolism, and renal function and morphology. Those of azilsartan and telmisartan have been included comprehensively whereas those of other ARBs have been included systematically but without intention of completeness. ARBs as a class lower blood pressure in established hypertension and prevent hypertension development in all applicable animal models except those with a markedly suppressed renin–angiotensin system; blood pressure lowering even persists for a considerable time after d…
A PDCD1 Role in the Genetic Predisposition to NAFLD-HCC?
2021
Obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are contributing to the global rise in deaths from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The pathogenesis of NAFLD-HCC is not well understood. The severity of hepatic steatosis, steatohepatitis and fibrosis are key pathogenic mechanisms, but animal studies suggest altered immune responses are also involved. Genetic studies have so far highlighted a major role of gene variants promoting fat deposition in the liver (PNPLA3 rs738409
Molecular Basis of Mismatch Repair Protein Deficiency in Tumors from Lynch Suspected Cases with Negative Germline Test Results
2020
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A High Throughput Phenotypic Screening reveals compounds that counteract premature osteogenic differentiation of HGPS iPS-derived mesenchymal stem ce…
2016
AbstractHutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare fatal genetic disorder that causes systemic accelerated aging in children. Thanks to the pluripotency and self-renewal properties of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), HGPS iPSC-based modeling opens up the possibility of access to different relevant cell types for pharmacological approaches. In this study, 2800 small molecules were explored using high-throughput screening, looking for compounds that could potentially reduce the alkaline phosphatase activity of HGPS mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) committed into osteogenic differentiation. Results revealed seven compounds that normalized the osteogenic differentiation process an…
High fat diets for weight loss among subjects with elevated fasting glucose levels: The PREDIMED study
2020
Abstract Aim We studied fasting plasma glucose (FPG) as a determinant of weight change on high-fat diets in the PREDIMED trial. Methods A total of 3,622 participants were randomized to receive one of two Mediterranean diets (n = 2,616) or a control diet (n = 1,006) for 5 years and had complete data for baseline FPG and body-weight development. Weight change by pre-treatment FPG categories ( Results The two Mediterranean diets contained 41.5 E% fat, 16.5 E% protein, and 40 E% carbohydrate whereas the control diet contained 37.8 E% fat, 16.8 E% protein and 43.2 E% carbohydrate. In the Mediterranean diet groups, participants with FPG≥115 lost 1.04 kg (95% CI 0.68; 1.41, n = 1115) whereas parti…
Perspective: Essential study quality descriptors for data from nutritional epidemiologic research
2017
Pooled analysis of secondary data increases the power of research and enables scientific discovery in nutritional epidemiology. Information on study characteristics that determine data quality is needed to enable correct reuse and interpretation of data. This study aims to define essential quality characteristics for data from observational studies in nutrition. First, a literature review was performed to get an insight on existing instruments that assess the quality of cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies and dietary measurement. Second, 2 face-to-face workshops were organized to determine the study characteristics that affect data quality. Third, consensus on the data descrip…
Recent Progress and Recommendations on Celiac Disease From the Working Group on Prolamin Analysis and Toxicity
2020
Celiac disease (CD) affects a growing number of individuals worldwide. To elucidate the causes for this increase, future multidisciplinary collaboration is key to understanding the interactions between immunoreactive components in gluten-containing cereals and the human gastrointestinal tract and immune system and to devise strategies for CD prevention and treatment beyond the gluten-free diet. During the last meetings, the Working Group on Prolamin Analysis and Toxicity (Prolamin Working Group, PWG) discussed recent progress in the field together with key stakeholders from celiac disease societies, academia, industry and regulatory bodies. Based on the current state of knowledge, this pers…
Rapid degradation of ABCA1 protein following cAMP withdrawal and treatment with PKA inhibitor suggests ABCA1 is a short-lived protein primarily regul…
2020
Objectives: ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) is a key player in the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) and HDL biogenesis. Since RCT is compromised as a result of ABCA1 dysfunction in diabetic state, the objective of this study was to investigate the regulation of ABCA1 in a stably transfected 293 cells expressing ABCA1 under the control of cAMP response element. Methods: To delineate transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of ABCA1, 293 cells were stably transfected with the full length ABCA1 cDNA under the control of CMV promoter harboring cAMP response element. cAMP-mediated regulation of ABCA1 and cholesterol efflux were studied in the presence of 8-Br-cAMP and af…
Inhibition of DNA damage response at telomeres improves the detrimental phenotypes of Hutchinson–Gilford Progeria Syndrome
2019
Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a genetic disorder characterized by premature aging features. Cells from HGPS patients express progerin, a truncated form of Lamin A, which perturbs cellular homeostasis leading to nuclear shape alterations, genome instability, heterochromatin loss, telomere dysfunction and premature entry into cellular senescence. Recently, we reported that telomere dysfunction induces the transcription of telomeric non-coding RNAs (tncRNAs) which control the DNA damage response (DDR) at dysfunctional telomeres. Here we show that progerin-induced telomere dysfunction induces the transcription of tncRNAs. Their functional inhibition by sequence-specific telomer…
Magnesium and Micro-Elements in Older Persons
2021
Macro- and micro-element deficiencies are widely diffused in older people. The deficiency of these elements in older people is often attributable to malnutrition, even if other medical conditions (such as gastrointestinal problem) or non-medical conditions (such as polypharmacy) can lead to these deficiencies [1]. It is estimated that malnutrition is present in 1.3–47.8% of older people living in the community, being higher in other settings and in low-middle income countries [2].