Search results for "Metrics"
showing 10 items of 5055 documents
The Multidimensional Inventory of Hypochondriacal Traits
2014
Severe health anxiety constitutes a disabling and costly clinical condition. The Multidimensional Inventory of Hypochondriacal Traits (MIHT) represents an innovative instrument that was developed according to cognitive-behavioral, cognitive-perceptual, interpersonal, and trait models of hypochondriasis. We aimed at evaluating the psychometric properties of the MIHT in a sample of patients with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.) diagnosis of hypochondriasis. Using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the postulated four-factor structure of the MIHT was found in a first CFA in patients with hypochondriasis ( n = 178) and in a second CFA based on a mixed sample…
Subjective Perception of Cognitive Deficit in Psychotic Patients
2006
The objective of this study is to evaluate the subjective perception of cognitive deficit and how it relates to the perception of patients' relatives. Differences between the subjective perception of cognitive deficits in 107 DSM-IV-diagnosed psychotic patients and that of their relatives or caregivers were evaluated using the GEOPTE Scale. Fair agreement was observed between patient and family perception of cognitive functions, although there were important differences on those items that correspond to social functioning. A high degree of correlation was detected between the scores on this scale and clinical global impression scores, as well as the physicians' global impression of cognitiv…
Brain response to masked and unmasked facial emotions as a function of implicit and explicit personality self-concept of extraversion.
2016
Extraversion-introversion is a personality dimension referring to individual differences in social behavior. In the past, neurobiological research on extraversion was almost entirely based upon questionnaires which inform about the explicit self-concept. Today, indirect measures are available that tap into the implicit self-concept of extraversion which is assumed to result from automatic processing functions. In our study, brain activation while viewing facial expression of affiliation relevant (i.e., happiness, and disgust) and irrelevant (i.e., fear) emotions was examined as a function of the implicit and explicit self-concept of extraversion and processing mode (automatic vs. controlled…
Measuring Task-Switching Ability in the Implicit Association Test
2005
Abstract. Recently, the role of method-specific variance in the Implicit Association Test (IAT) was examined ( McFarland & Crouch, 2002 ; Mierke & Klauer, 2003 ). This article presents a new content-unspecific control task for the assessment of task-switching ability within the IAT methodology. Study 1 showed that this task exhibited good internal consistency and stability. Studies 2-4 examined method-specific variance in the IAT and showed that the control task is significantly associated with conventionally scored IAT effects of the IAT-Anxiety. Using the D measures proposed by Greenwald, Nosek, and Banaji (2003 ), the amount of method-specific variance in the IAT-Anxiety could b…
Defining response and remission in psychotherapy research: A comparison of the RCI and the method of percent improvement
2011
There is no consensus as to how to define response and remission for mental disorder treatments. The Reliable Change Index (RCI) is most commonly used in psychotherapy research, whereas psychopharmacologists prefer to calculate percentage of improvement (PI). We compared both methods using the Beck Depression Inventory in 395 depressive outpatients. The overall pre-post effect size was d=1.18. The PI-50 (≥ 50% improvement from baseline) resulted in outcome estimates higher than the RCI: 66.3% vs. 59.2% for response and 50.6% vs. 45.8% for remission. We demonstrate that the PI approach is independent of arbitrarily chosen reliabilities and reference populations. Furthermore, it takes differe…
Comparative analysis of observer depression scales
1985
Abstract The Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Bech Rafaelsen Melancholia Scale (BRMS) and Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) are analyzed according to mean discriminatory power, internal consistency, homogeneity and transferability. The analysis was done separately in different samples of patients with depressive syndromes: a) operationally defined depressive syndrome; b) Major Depressive Disorder (RDC); c) Major Depressive Disorder, endogenous type (RDC). BRMS and MADRS were superior to HAMD in all evaluated aspects. Further, the BRMS was superior to MADRS according to the criteria of homogeneity and transferability.
Reliability and validity of the Newcastle Scales in relation to ICD-9-classification
1987
The assessment of endogenous depression by means of the Newcastle Scales (1965, 1971) has been validated by their correlation with biological findings in many previous studies. However, reliability and cross validation studies are lacking for these scales. We found the reliability of the Newcastle Scales to be sufficient or at least moderate in a sample of 70 inpatients with major depression. In order to cross validate both scales, the clinical classification according to ICD-9 and the assessment of the Newcastle Scales have been performed independently in a sample of 112 inpatients with Major Depressive Disorder (RDC). The rate of agreement between clinical diagnosis and classification acc…
Symptom dimensions in obsessive-compulsive disorder: from normal cognitive intrusions to clinical obsessions.
2011
Abstract Cognitive behavioral models of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) assume continuity between normal obsessional intrusive thoughts (OITs) and obsessions. However, this assumption has recently been criticized. This article examines this issue using a new instrument (the Obsessional Intrusive Thoughts Inventory, INPIOS) specifically designed to assess the frequency and content of 48 OITs, which was completed by 734 community subjects and 55 OCD patients. Confirmatory factor analysis suggests six first-order factors included in two second-order factors, one containing aggressive, sexual, religious, immoral and repugnant OITs, and the other containing contamination, doubts and checking…
Evaluation of standardized rater training for the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)
1998
The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) is employed increasingly for the evaluation of therapeutic outcome in studies on schizophrenia. Rater training is important to improve the concordance and accuracy of ratings; however, there are no established guidelines for carrying out such training. We conducted rater training, under clinical conditions, of psychiatrists and clinical psychologists who were rather unfamiliar with the PANSS. Based on videotapes of PANSS interviews, all participants were trained during five successive standardized weekly sessions. The results were analyzed with respect to conventional criteria of concordance with standard expert ratings and interrater reliabi…
A polydiagnostic scale for dimensional classification of endogenous depression. Derivation and validation.
1986
Several operational diagnoses (OPD) for endogenous depression have been proposed. However--though aiming at similar clinical concepts--the amount of association and agreement between different OPD is rather low. In this study the relationship between eight OPD (Research Diagnostic Criteria, DSM-III, Michigan Discrimination Index, Newcastle Scale I, Newcastle Scale II, Taylor-Abrams Criteria, Vienna Research Criteria, Hamilton Endogenomorphy Index) was assessed by applying latent trait analyses to the classificatory data of these eight OPD which were rated simultaneously in a sample of 173 depressive inpatients. According to these analyses six OPD (RDC, DSM-III, NCS-I, NCS-II, TAC and VRC) a…