Search results for "Micro"

Conectividad dinámica y vulnerabilidad de los ecosistemas acuáticos en entornos agrícolas costeros: La Albufera de Valencia como caso de estudio

2023

Los humedales costeros, considerados indispensables por los numerosos servicios ecosistémicos que proporcionan a la humanidad, se encuentran en la actualidad altamente amenazados por las continuas presiones antrópicas, y en especial, por la actividad agrícola. Entre los principales impactos derivados de la agricultura destacan la extracción de las reservas de agua dulce, la alteración de los regímenes hidrológicos naturales, y la degradación de la calidad química y estado trófico de los ecosistemas acuáticos naturales que constituyen estos complejos y dinámicos parajes naturales. El principal problema a la hora de desarrollar y aplicar estrategias de monitorización, conservación y restaurac…

Anaerobic co-digestion of microalgae and primary sludge in an anaerobic membrane bioreactor for resource recovery (biogas and bionutrients) from urba…

2020

El consumo continuo de energía primaria ha motivado a la comunidad científica a buscar tecnologías que requieran un menor consumo de recursos y fuentes alternativas de energía renovable, que puedan sustituir a los combustibles fósiles. El cultivo de microalgas en combinación con tecnologías anaerobias surgió como una tecnología prometedora y sostenible en el ámbito del tratamiento de aguas residuales. La valorización de la biomasa de microalgas mediante la digestión anaerobia (AD) permite la producción de energía a partir de corrientes de residuos. Dado que la AD de microalgas presenta algunos inconvenientes que obstaculizan la eficiencia del proceso, se ha estudiado la co-digestión anaerob…

Selective Fatty Acid Retention and Turnover in the Freshwater Amphipod Pallaseopsis quadrispinosa

2021

Gammarid amphipods are a crucial link connecting primary producers with secondary consumers, but little is known about their nutritional ecology. Here we asked how starvation and subsequent feeding on different nutritional quality algae influences fatty acid retention, compound-specific isotopic carbon fractionation, and biosynthesis of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the relict gammarid amphipod Pallaseopsis quadrispinosa. The fatty acid profiles of P. quadrispinosa closely matched with those of the dietary green algae after only seven days of refeeding, whereas fatty acid patterns of P. quadrispinosa were less consistent with those of the diatom diet. This was ma…

Variation in ω-3 and ω-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Produced by Different Phytoplankton Taxa at Early and Late Growth Phase

2020

Phytoplankton synthesizes essential ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for consumers in the aquatic food webs. Only certain phytoplankton taxa can synthesize eicosapentaenoic (EPA; 20:5ω3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6ω3), whereas all phytoplankton taxa can synthesize shorter-chain ω-3 and ω-6 PUFA. Here, we experimentally studied how the proportion, concentration (per DW and cell-specific), and production (µg FA L-1 day-1) of ω-3 and ω-6 PUFA varied among six different phytoplankton main groups (16 freshwater strains) and between exponential and stationary growth phase. EPA and DHA concentrations, as dry weight, were similar among cryptophytes and diatoms. However, Crypto…

NUTRIZIONE E MICROFLORA BATTERICA INTESTINALE

2009

The Sick Adipose Tissue: New Insights Into Defective Signaling and Crosstalk With the Myocardium

2021

Adipose tissue (AT) biology is linked to cardiovascular health since obesity is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and positively correlated with excessive visceral fat accumulation. AT signaling to myocardial cells through soluble factors known as adipokines, cardiokines, branched-chain amino acids and small molecules like microRNAs, undoubtedly influence myocardial cells and AT function via the endocrine-paracrine mechanisms of action. Unfortunately, abnormal total and visceral adiposity can alter this harmonious signaling network, resulting in tissue hypoxia and monocyte/macrophage adipose infiltration occurring alongside expanded intra-abdominal and epicardial fat depots seen …

Innovations in Infant Feeding: Future Challenges and Opportunities in Obesity and Cardiometabolic Disease

2020

The field of nutrition in early life, as an effective tool to prevent and treat chronic diseases, has attracted a large amount of interest over recent years. The vital roles of food products and nutrients on the body’s molecular mechanisms have been demonstrated. The knowledge of the mechanisms and the possibility of controlling them via what we eat has opened up the field of precision nutrition, which aims to set dietary strategies in order to improve health with the greatest effectiveness. However, this objective is achieved only if the genetic profile of individuals and their living conditions are also considered. The relevance of this topic is strengthened considering the importance of …

Depletion of

2020

Child obesity constitutes a risk factor for developing insulin resistance which, if sustained, could lead to more severe conditions like type 2 diabetes (T2D) in adulthood. Our study identified previously unknown species whose depletion (Blautia luti and Blautia wexlerae) is associated with insulin resistance in obese individuals. Our results also indicate that these bacterial species might help to reduce inflammation causally linked to obesity-related complications. Childhood is considered a window of opportunity to tackle obesity. These new findings provide, therefore, valuable information for the future design of microbiota-based strategies for the early prevention of obesity-related com…

New developments in the pathogenesis of obesity-induced hypertension

2015

Obesity is a disorder that develops from the interaction between genotype and environment involving social, behavioral, cultural, and physiological factors. Obesity increases the risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, cancer, musculoskeletal disorders, chronic kidney and pulmonary disease. Although obesity is clearly associated with an increased prevalence of hypertension, many obese individuals may not develop hypertension. Protecting factors may exist and it is important to understand why obesity is not always related to hypertension. The aim of this review is to highlight the knowledge gap for the association between obesity, hypertension, and potential …

Obesity and diabetes-Not only a simple link between two epidemics

2018

Summary Diabetes (DM) as well as obesity, due to their increasing incidence, were recognized as epidemic by the World Health Organization. Obesity is involved not only in the aetiopathogenesis of the most common worldwide type of DM—type 2 diabetes—but also in the development of its complications. There is also increasing scientific evidence regarding the role of obesity and overweight in type 1 diabetes. Weight gain may be considered as a complication of insulin treatment but also reveals significant pathophysiological impact on various stages of the disease. Another very important aspect related to DM as well as obesity is the microbiome, which is highly variable. The function of the gut …