Search results for "MicroRNA"
showing 10 items of 577 documents
Hybrid, multiplexed, functional DNA nanotechnology for bioanalysis
2015
We herein aim to report on the fabrication of DNA nano-heterostructures usable as a robust multi-functional analytical system to obtain multiple and complex data in parallel format from a single sample with unprecedented analytical performances. The ability of chemical information contained in the sequences of programmed DNA structures to organize matter made DNA become a unique material in “the nanoworld”. Such carefully designed DNA nanostructures can then be functionalized/templated with different biomolecules/nanomaterials as different as nanoparticles, nanowires, organic molecules, peptides, and proteins with controlled spacing on the nanometer scale (<10 nm). In this way, it is possib…
PathVisio Analysis: An Application Targeting the miRNA Network Associated with the p53 Signaling Pathway in Osteosarcoma
2021
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small single-stranded, non-coding RNA molecules involved in the pathogenesis and progression of cancer, including osteosarcoma. We aimed to clarify the pathways involving miRNAs using new bioinformatics tools. We applied WikiPathways and PathVisio, two open-source platforms, to analyze miRNAs in osteosarcoma using miRTar and ONCO.IO as integration tools. We found 1298 records of osteosarcoma papers associated with the word "miRNA". In osteosarcoma patients with good response to chemotherapy, miR-92a, miR- 99b, miR-193a-5p, and miR-422a expression is increased, while miR-132 is decreased. All identified miRNAs seem to be centered on the TP53 network. This is the first …
The platelets’ perspective to pathogen reduction technologies
2017
A wide variety of clinical conditions, associated with low circulating platelet counts, require platelet transfusion in order to normalize hemostatic function. Although single-donor apheresis platelets bear the lowest risk of transfusion-transmitted infections, pathogen reduction technologies (PRT) are being implemented worldwide to reduce this risk further through inactivation of known, emergent and as yet to be discovered nucleic acid-based pathogens. Human blood platelets are now known to harbor a diverse transcriptome, important to their function and comprised of >5000 protein-coding messenger RNAs and different classes of non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs. Our appreciation of the nu…
Differential Expression Analysis by RNA-Seq Reveals Perturbations in the Platelet mRNA Transcriptome Triggered by Pathogen Reduction Systems
2015
Platelet concentrates (PCs) are prepared at blood banks for transfusion to patients in certain clinical conditions associated with a low platelet count. To prevent transfusion-transmitted infections via PCs, different pathogen reduction (PR) systems have been developed that inactivate the nucleic acids of contaminating pathogens by chemical cross-linking, a mechanism that may also affect platelets' nucleic acids. We previously reported that treatment of stored platelets with the PR system Intercept significantly reduced the level of half of the microRNAs that were monitored, induced platelet activation and compromised the platelet response to physiological agonists. Using genome-wide differ…
The down-regulation of miR-125b in chronic lymphocytic leukemias leads to metabolic adaptation of cells to a transformed state
2012
AbstractMiR-125b-1 maps at 11q24, a chromosomal region close to the epicenter of 11q23 deletions in chronic lymphocytic leukemias (CLLs). Our results establish that both aggressive and indolent CLL patients show reduced expression of miR-125b. Overexpression of miR-125b in CLL-derived cell lines resulted in the repression of many transcripts encoding enzymes implicated in cell metabolism. Metabolomics analyses showed that miR-125b overexpression modulated glucose, glutathione, lipid, and glycerolipid metabolism. Changes on the same metabolic pathways also were observed in CLLs. We furthermore analyzed the expression of some of miR-125b–target transcripts that are potentially involved in the…
Inhibition of miR-21 restores RANKL/OPG ratio in multiple myeloma-derived bone marrow stromal cells and impairs the resorbing activity of mature oste…
2015
// Maria Rita Pitari 1 , Marco Rossi 1 , Nicola Amodio 1 , Cirino Botta 1 , Eugenio Morelli 1 , Cinzia Federico 1 , Annamaria Gulla 1 , Daniele Caracciolo 1 , Maria Teresa Di Martino 1 , Mariamena Arbitrio 2 , Antonio Giordano 3, 4 , Pierosandro Tagliaferri 1 , Pierfrancesco Tassone 1, 4 1 Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and T. Campanella Cancer Center, Magna Graecia University, S. Venuta University Campus, Catanzaro, Italy 2 ISN-CNR, Roccelletta di Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy 3 Department of Human Pathology and Oncology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy 4 Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology,…
miR-29b negatively regulates human osteoclastic cell differentiation and function: Implications for the treatment of multiple myeloma-related bone di…
2013
Skeletal homeostasis relies upon a fine tuning of osteoclast (OCLs)-mediated bone resorption and osteoblast (OBLs)-dependent bone formation. This balance is unsettled by multiple myeloma (MM) cells, which impair OBL function and stimulate OCLs to generate lytic lesions. Emerging experimental evidence is disclosing a key regulatory role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the regulation of bone homeostasis suggesting the miRNA network as potential novel target for the treatment of MM-related bone disease. Here, we report that miR-29b expression decreases progressively during human OCL differentiation in vitro. We found that lentiviral transduction of miR-29b into OCLs, even in the presence of MM cells,…
Brain Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Carriers of Disease Markers: Molecular Chaperones and MicroRNAs
2020
Primary and metastatic brain tumors are usually serious conditions with poor prognosis, which reveal the urgent need of developing rapid diagnostic tools and efficacious treatments. To achieve these objectives, progress must be made in the understanding of brain tumor biology, for example, how they resist natural defenses and therapeutic intervention. One resistance mechanism involves extracellular vesicles that are released by tumors to meet target cells nearby or distant via circulation and reprogram them by introducing their cargo. This consists of different molecules among which are microRNAs (miRNAs) and molecular chaperones, the focus of this article. miRNAs modify target cells in the…
A miRNA181a/NFAT5 axis links impaired T cell tolerance induction with autoimmune type 1 diabetes.
2018
Molecular checkpoints that trigger the onset of islet autoimmunity or progression to human type 1 diabetes (T1D) are incompletely understood. Using T cells from children at an early stage of islet autoimmunity without clinical T1D, we find that a microRNA181a (miRNA181a)-mediated increase in signal strength of stimulation and costimulation links nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5) with impaired tolerance induction and autoimmune activation. We show that enhancing miRNA181a activity increases NFAT5 expression while inhibiting FOXP3+ regulatory T cell (Treg) induction in vitro. Accordingly, Treg induction is improved using T cells from NFAT5 knockout (NFAT5ko) animals, whereas alter…
miR-155 inhibition sensitizes CD4+ Th cells for TREG mediated suppression.
2009
BackgroundIn humans and mice naturally occurring CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (nTregs) are a thymus-derived subset of T cells, crucial for the maintenance of peripheral tolerance by controlling not only potentially autoreactive T cells but virtually all cells of the adaptive and innate immune system. Recent work using Dicer-deficient mice irrevocably demonstrated the importance of miRNAs for nTreg cell-mediated tolerance.Principal findingsDNA-Microarray analyses of human as well as murine conventional CD4(+) Th cells and nTregs revealed a strong up-regulation of mature miR-155 (microRNA-155) upon activation in both populations. Studying miR-155 expression in FoxP3-deficient scurfy mice …