Search results for "Microbial community"
showing 10 items of 69 documents
Microbial metacommunity: a METABAR coding approach
2017
Microbial metacommunity: a METABAR coding approach. 2017 Scientific MEM days: Journées scientifiques MEM (Métaomiques et écosystèmes microbiens)
Bridging microbial community ecology and nitrogen cycling in soil
2011
Pas de résumé
Water-extractable organic matter linked to soil physico-chemistry and microbiology at the regional scale
2015
10 pages; International audience; A better understanding of the links between dissolved organic matter and biogeochemical processes in soil could help in evaluating global soil dynamics. To assess the effects of land cover and parental material on soil biogeochemistry, we studied 120 soil samples collected from various ecosystems in Burgundy, France. The potential solubility and aromaticity of dissolved organic matter was characterised by pressurised hot-water extraction of organic carbon (PH-WEOC). Soil physico-chemical characteristics (pH, texture, soil carbon and nitrogen) were measured, as was the δ13C signature both in soils and in PH-WEOC. We also determined bacterial and fungal abund…
Preliminary insights about the treatment of contaminated marine sediments by means of bioslurry reactor: Process evaluation and microbiological chara…
2022
Abstract Contaminated marine sediments represent a critical threat towards human health and ecosystems, since they constitute a potential reservoir of toxic compounds release. In the present study, a bioslurry reactor was studied for the treatment of real marine sediments contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbons. The experimental campaign was divided in two periods: in the first period, microcosm trials were carried out to achieve useful indicators for biological hydrocarbon removal from sediments. The microcosm trials highlighted that the inoculum of halotolerant allochthonous bacteria provided the highest performance followed by autochthonous biomass. Based on the achieved results, in the s…
High salinity wastewater treatment by membrane bioreactors
2020
Abstract This chapter reviews the state of the art regarding the use of membrane bioreactor (MBR) systems for saline wastewater treatment. In particular, a comprehensive review is presented discussing the most adopted MBR configurations for the treatment of saline wastewater. Further, the chapter discusses the main effects of salinity on the biological performance, kinetic parameters, fouling development, sludge rheological features, and greenhouse gas (GHG) production. Literature results show that there is a significant effect of the salinity (and/or salinity variations) on the biological performance and membrane filtration. Specifically, it was found that a gradual salinity increase, carr…
Metabolic responses of microbial community in soil amended with fresh leaves and leaf extracts from eucalyptus spp.
Field observations reveal that often large areas of soil surface beneath Eucalyptus occidentalis Endl. are completely bare or with scant vegetation. Moreover, previous studies have showed that other species of Eucalyptus, such as Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn, may be effective in suppressing seed germination and weed growth. Such effects have been ascribed to the large number of secondary metabolites within Eucalyptus leaves. Due to their inhibition activity against weeds, leaf extracts might be used for an integrated weed management context, in accordance with the Directive 2009/128/EC. Several studies exist about the effects of Eucalyptus leaf extracts on weeds, whereas they are lacking o…
"Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Nutrient Uptake and Growth of Durum Wheat"
Soil microbiome is involved at different levels in the food web, in bio-geochemical nutrient cycles and in several interactions with plants. Based on its key role in the agro-ecosystem processes, the soil microbiome has been identified as one of the principal factors in an agriculture addressed to the ecological intensification. Among the several relationships established between plants and soil microorganisms, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is the most widespread. Two out of three of all plant taxa (among others the main crops) are involved in the AM symbiosis which takes place between the plant root system and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), a monophyletic group of fungi belong…
Meiofauna and benthic microbial biomass in a semi-enclosed mediterranean marine system (Stagnone di Marsala, Italy)
2004
Microbial and meiofaunal dynamics and their relationships with the biochemical composition of the sedimentary organic matter were investigated in a semi-enclosed marine system (Marsala lagoon, Western Sicily, Mediterranean Sea). Sediment samples were collected on a monthly basis from March 1996 to February 1997 in four stations located along a N–S transect characterized by different hydrodynamic regimes. Total sedimentary organic matter concentration ranged from 5.681.11 to 156.2812.63 mg g1, while the biopolymeric fraction of organic carbon (BPC, measured as sum of the lipids, carbohydrates and proteins) accounted for only a small fraction (24%) of total organic matter. Total meiofaunal de…
Origins of the blemishes of potato tubers : from the soil microbiology to the pedoclimatic environment
2010
The visual quality of fresh potatoes, Solanum tuberosum, became a dominant criterion and a significative economical issue in potato market. According the vegetative reproduction of this species, requirements for visual quality are also needed for potato seed tubers. As an organ for reserve and propagation, the tuber grows underground and is in contact with soil-borne microorganisms, making it potentially exposed to blemishes, for the majority of which the origin is still unclear. The objective of this work is to make an inventory of those tuber blemishes, to characterize them and determine their causes. After the establishment of consensual nomenclature and classification of the blemishes, …
Microbial community structure in soils with decomposing residues from plants with genetic modifications to lignin biosynthesis
2006
Lignin is a major determinant of the decomposition of plant materials in soils. Advances in transgenic technology have led to the possibility of modifying lignin to improve the pulping properties of plant materials for papermaking. Previous studies have shown that lignin modifications also affect the rate of plant material decay in soil. The aim of this work was to investigate short-term changes in soil microbial community structures when tobacco residues with reduced activity of enzymes in the monolignol pathway decompose. The residues from lignin-modified plants all decomposed faster than unmodified plant materials. The relative proportions of some of the structural groups of microbial ph…