Search results for "Microvesicles"

Exosomes as diagnostic and predictive biomarkers in lung cancer

2017

The concept of exosomes has evolved from be considered garbage bags to the demonstration that exosomes could play very interesting roles and functions, from biomarkers detection to the potential of work as drug delivery systems. It has been widely proved that exosomes can contain key molecules important for the tumour development. The current review summarizes the latest investigations developed in the field of predictive exosomal biomarkers. The microRNAs (miRNAs) are the more known molecules due to their amount inside the exosomes and the sensitivity of the techniques available for their study. However, exosomal proteins, RNA and DNA are becoming an interesting and more feasible field of …

71P Exosomes isolated in plasma of non-small cell lung cancer patients contain microRNA related to the EGFR pathway: Proof of concept

2016

Chronic myelogenous leukaemia exosomes modulate bone marrow microenvironment through activation of epidermal growth factor receptor

2016

Abstract Chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative disorder. Recent evidence indicates that altered crosstalk between CML and mesenchymal stromal cells may affect leukaemia survival; moreover, vesicles released by both tumour and non‐tumour cells into the microenvironment provide a suitable niche for cancer cell growth and survival. We previously demonstrated that leukaemic and stromal cells establish an exosome‐mediated bidirectional crosstalk leading to the production of IL8 in stromal cells, thus sustaining the survival of CML cells. Human cell lines used are LAMA84 (CML cells), HS5 (stromal cells) and bone marrow primary stromal cells; gene expression and protei…

Exosome-mediated drug resistance in cancer: the near future is here.

2016

Drug resistance exerts a crucial role in several cancer treatments. Understanding the resistance mechanisms against different therapeutic agents can be helpful to determine the prognosis, but remains a tricky task. In this context, tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) may give crucial answers about these resistance mechanisms. Exosomes are biological nanovesicles with an average size around 30–100 nm of diameter (Figure 1) that originate from the endocytic pathway by the inward budding of multivesicular bodies (MVB), and they function as cell-free messengers, involved in the cell–cell communication [Kowal et al. 2014]. It has been demonstrated that both cells in physiological and pathological cond…

Oxidative stress in retinal pigment epithelium cells increases exosome secretion and promotes angiogenesis in endothelial cells.

2015

10 páginas, 5 figuras

The histone deacetylase inhibitor SAHA induces HSP60 nitration and its extracellular release by exosomal vesicles in human lung-derived carcinoma cel…

2015

// Claudia Campanella 1, 2, * , Antonella D'Anneo 3, * , Antonella Marino Gammazza 1, 2, * , Celeste Caruso Bavisotto 1, 2 , Rosario Barone 1, 2 , Sonia Emanuele 4 , Filippa Lo Cascio 1 , Emanuele Mocciaro 1 , Stefano Fais 5 , Everly Conway De Macario 6 , Alberto J.L. Macario 2, 6 , Francesco Cappello 1, 2 , Marianna Lauricella 4 1 Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy “Emerico Luna”, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy 2 Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy 3 Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, Palermo, Ita…

Role of retinal pigment epithelium-derived exosomes and autophagy in new blood vessel formation

2018

Autophagy and exosome secretion play important roles in a variety of physiological and disease states, including the development of age‐related macular degeneration. Previous studies have demonstrated that these cellular mechanisms share common pathways of activation. Low oxidative damage in ARPE‐19 cells, alters both autophagy and exosome biogenesis. Moreover, oxidative stress modifies the protein and genetic cargo of exosomes, possibly affecting the fate of surrounding cells. In order to understand the connection between these two mechanisms and their impact on angiogenesis, stressed ARPE‐19 cells were treated with a siRNA‐targeting Atg7, a key protein for the formation of autophagosomes.…

Phytoagent Deoxyelephantopin and Its Derivative Inhibit Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cell Activity through ROS-Mediated Exosomal Activity and Protei…

2017

A novel plant sesquiterpene lactone derivative, DET derivative (DETD)-35, originating from parental deoxyelephantopin (DET) was previously observed to effectively suppress human triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) MDA-MB-231 cell activity and tumor growth in mice. In this study, the mechanisms underlying the activity of DETD-35 were elucidated. DET and DETD-35 induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) which caused structural damage and dysfunction of mitochondria and increased cytosolic calcium level, subsequently evoking exosome release from the cancer cells. Intriguingly, exosomes induced by both compounds had an atypical function. Cancer cell-derived exosomes commonly show metastatic potent…

Platelets, endothelial cells and leukocytes contribute to the exercise-triggered release of extracellular vesicles into the circulation.

2019

ABSTRACT Physical activity initiates a wide range of multi-systemic adaptations that promote mental and physical health. Recent work demonstrated that exercise triggers the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) into the circulation, possibly contributing to exercise-associated adaptive systemic signalling. Circulating EVs comprise a heterogeneous collection of different EV-subclasses released from various cell types. So far, a comprehensive picture of the parental and target cell types, EV-subpopulation diversity and functional properties of EVs released during exercise (ExerVs) is lacking. Here, we performed a detailed EV-phenotyping analysis to explore the cellular origin and potential …

Use of Stem Cell Extracellular Vesicles as a “Holistic” Approach to CNS Repair

2020

Neurodegeneration is a hallmark of many diseases and disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). High levels of neuroinflammation are often associated with irreparable damage to CNS cells due to the dysregulation of signaling cascades that are unable to restore a homeostatic balance. Due to the inherent complexity of the CNS, development of CNS-related therapeutics has met limited success. While stem cell therapy has been evaluated in the context of CNS repair, the mechanisms responsible for their functional properties have not been clearly defined. In recent years, there has been growing interest in the use of stem cell extracellular vesicles (EVs) for the treatment of various CNS patho…