Search results for "Mild Cognitive Impairment"

The Effects of COVID-19 lockdown on neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with dementia or mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-an…

2022

The COVID-19 pandemic may have a disproportionate impact on people with dementia/mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to isolation and loss of services. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in people living with dementia/MCI. Two authors searched major electronic databases from inception to June 2021 for observational studies investigating COVID-19 and NPS in people with dementia/MCI. Summary estimates of mean differences in NPS scores pre- versus post-COVID-19 were calculated using a random-effects model, weighting cases using inverse variance. Study quality and risk of bias were assessed by the Newcastl…

Effect of COVID-19 quarantine on cognitive, functional and neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with mild cognitive impairment and dementia.

2022

Abstract Background During the last two years, COVID-19 affected older people with dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI), but conflicting and sparse results are still present. The objective of this study was to investigate the frequency and type of changes in functional, cognitive and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), and caregiver’s stress during the period of quarantine in 2020 in patients affected by dementia/MCI living in Palermo, Sicily. Methods Outpatients affected by MCI/dementia were evaluated before and after COVID-19 quarantine. Functional status was investigated using basic and instrumental activities of daily living (ADL); cognitive performance with…

Biomarkers of oxidative and nitrosative damage in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment

2009

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia in the elderly. Products of oxidative and nitrosative stress (OS and NS, respectively) accumulate with aging, which is the main risk factor for AD. This provides the basis for the involvement of OS and NS in AD pathogenesis. OS and NS occur in biological systems due to the dysregulation of the redox balance, caused by a deficiency of antioxidants and/or the overproduction of free radicals. Free radical attack against lipids, proteins, sugars and nucleic acids leads to the formation of bioproducts whose detection in fluids and tissues represents the currently available method for assessing oxidative/nitrosative damage. Post-mortem …

Isolated, Subtle Neurological Abnormalities in Mild Cognitive Impairment Types.

2019

Isolated, subtle neurological abnormalities (ISNA) are commonly seen in aging and have been related to cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) and subcortical atrophy in neurologically and cognitively healthy aging subjects.To investigate the frequency of ISNA in different mild cognitive impairment (MCI) types and to evaluate for each MCI type, the cross-sectional relation between ISNA and white matter hyperintensities (WMH), lacunes, caudate atrophy, and ventricular enlargement.One thousand two hundred fifty subjects with different MCI types were included in the analysis and underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging. WMHs were assessed through two visual rating scales. Lacunes were also rated…

Amyloid precursor protein in platelets: A peripheral marker for the diagnosis of sporadic AD

2001

BACKGROUND: An altered pattern of amyloid precursor protein (APP) forms consisting in a reduced ratio between the upper (130 kDa) and the lower (106 to 110 kDa) immunoreactivity bands has been described in platelets of patients with AD. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the sensitivity and the specificity of platelet APP forms' ratio (APPr) as a marker for AD. METHODS: Eighty-five patients with probable AD and 95 control subjects (CON), including healthy individuals and neurologic patients, entered the study. Platelet APPr was evaluated by means of Western Blot analysis and immunostaining in the whole platelet homogenate, and calculated by the ratio between the optical density (OD) of the upper (130 k…

Is loneliness associated with mild cognitive impairment in low- and middle-income countries?

2021

Background: Loneliness may be a risk factor for mild cognitive impairment but studies on this topic are scarce, particularly from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the association between loneliness and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in six LMICs (China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia and South Africa). Methods: Cross-sectional, community-based, nationally representative data from the WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) were analyzed. The definition of MCI was based on the National Institute on Ageing-Alzheimer's Association criteria. Multivariable logistic regression analysis and meta-analysis were conducted t…

The Potential Role of miRNAs in Cognitive Frailty.

2021

Frailty is an aging related condition, which has been defined as a state of enhanced vulnerability to stressors, leading to a limited capacity to meet homeostatic demands. Cognitive impairment is also frequent in older people, often accompanying frailty. Age is the main independent risk factor for both frailty and cognitive impairment, and compelling evidence suggests that similar age-associated mechanisms could underlie both clinical conditions. Accordingly, it has been suggested that frailty and cognitive impairment share common pathways, and some authors proposed “cognitive frailty” as a single complex phenotype. Nevertheless, so far, no clear common underlying pathways have been discove…

Biomarkers clinici, biologici, cognitivi e comportamentali per la malattia di Alzheimer ed il Mild Cognitive Impairment: dati di popolazione dello Za…

Nel 2015, quasi 47 milioni di persone in tutto il mondo sono state colpite da demenza, e si prevede che i valori raggiungeranno 75 milioni entro il 2030 e 131 milioni entro il 2050, con il maggiore aumento previsto nei paesi a basso e medio reddito. Nonostante gli enormi costi dell'assistenza medica e sociale per i pazienti affetti da AD dipendano dalla gravità della malattia, i dati sulla prevalenza della demenza sulla base della gravità o dello stadio sono carenti soprattutto nei contesti rurali e con basso livello di istruzione. L'obiettivo principale di questo studio è di valutare l'interazione tra fattori di rischio legati alla fragilità, le performance cognitive e i sintomi comportame…

Cognitive Frailty: An Update

2021

This review article provides an update of the empirical research on cognitive fragility conducted in the last four years. The studies retrieved were classified in four different categories. The first category includes articles relating cognitive frailty to cognitive reserve and which continue to highlight the importance of educational level. The second category includes recent research on cognitive fragility biomarkers, involving neuroimaging, metabolism and, in a novel way, microbiota. The third category includes research on how cognitive frailty is related to motor development and physical functioning, exploring e.g. the use of technology to study motor markers of cognitive frailty. Final…

Occurrence of cognitive impairment and dementia in the community: a 9-year-long prospective study.

2008

Objective: To determine incidence rates of non-dementia cognitive impairment, to examine the impact of attrition due to death on the observed incidence estimates, and to compare the observed and corrected estimates of non-dementia cognitive impairment with dementia incidence rates. Methods: A total of 1,435 persons without dementia aged 75+ from the Kungsholmen Project were evaluated for occurrence of dementia over 9 years. A total of 1,070 cognitively unimpaired subjects were also followed using amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and other cognitive impairment, no dementia (OCIND) definitions. To correct the observed incidence rates for attrition due to death, cognitive status for s…