Search results for "Mind"

2019

IntroductionTeachers and student teachers in Germany are a high-risk population for stress and stress-related mental health problems. This often leads to early retirement in subsequent professional life. Various trials have demonstrated positive effects of stress prevention training on the perceived stress and stress-related symptoms of teachers. Although many studies show positive effects of mindfulness-based stress interventions, there is not yet any mindfulness-based intervention for teachers or student teachers in Germany. The aim of this trial is to evaluate a training that combines mindfulness-based and cognitive interventions into one programme, addressing to the specific burdens of …

Sourcebook for the History of the Philosophy of Mind

2014

Introduction.- I Soul as an entity.- 1. The soul and the mind in ancient philosophy (Juha Sihvola and Henrik Lagerlund).- 2. The soul and the mind in medieval and early modern theories (Henrik Lagerlund).- II Sense perception.- 1. Ancient theories (Miira Tuominen).- 2. Medieval theories (Simo Knuuttila & Pekka Karkkainen).- 3. Early modern theories (Tuomo Aho).- III Common sense, fantasy, and estimation.- 1. Common sense and fantasy in ancient philosophy (Miira Tuominen).- 2. Medieval theories of internal senses (Simo Knuuttila & Pekka Karkkainen).- 3. Renaissance theories of internal senses (Lorenzo Casini).- 4. Common sense and fantasy in the seventeenth and eighteenth century Tuomo Aho).…

Teknologian rooli meditaatioharjoittelussa

2016

Informaatioteknologian kehitys on mahdollistanut meditaatioharjoitteiden tehokkaan leviämisen länsimaisten kulttuurien ulottuville. Digitaalisissa ympäristöissä informaatio leviää erittäin tehokkaasti ja meditaatioharjoitteisiin liittyvään informaatioon törmääminen onkin todennäköisempää kuin koskaan aikaisemmin. Meditoinnin ollaan havaittu edistävän hyvinvointia useilla elämän osa-alueilla ja tuloksien käytännönläheinen soveltaminen edistyy jatkuvasti. Vuosien saatossa informaatioteknologiaa on kehitetty lukuisiin asiayhteyksiin, eikä meditaatioharjoittelu ole jäänyt teknologisen kehityskulun ulkopuolelle. Markkinoilla liikkuu lukuisia erilaisia meditaatioharjoittelua tukevia sovelluksia, …

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Review of Therapeutic Role of Meditation Interventions

2019

This review is an attempt to provide a comprehensive view of post-traumatic-stress disorder (PTSD) and its therapy, focusing on the use of meditation interventions. PTSD is a multimodal psycho-physiological-behavioral disorder, which calls for the potential usefulness of spiritual therapy. Recent times witness a substantial scientific interest in an alternative mind-to-body psychobehavioral therapy; the exemplary of which is meditation. Meditation is a form of mental exercise that has an extensive, albeit still mostly empiric, therapeutic value. Meditation steadily gains an increasing popularity as a psychobehavioral adjunct to therapy in many areas of medicine and psychology. While the rev…

A narrative review of positive psychology interventions for women during the perinatal period

2019

Recent studies suggest that positive perinatal maternal mood can buffer the effects of negative feelings and promote women and infant well-being. Evidence from Positive Psychology has shown that Positive Psychology Interventions (PPIs) can enhance well-being and/or reduce negative symptoms. The objective of this comprehensive narrative review was to identify and critically review the current evidence about the use of PPIs designed to improve women's mental well-being during the perinatal period. A systematic search of four online databases was conducted. Two intervention programmes have been identified. Both interventions were online-based and gratitude was the common PPI. The common target…

The inattentive on-screen reading: Reading medium affects attention and reading comprehension under time pressure

2021

This study explored the influence of reading media and reading time-frame on readers' on-task attention, metacognitive calibration, and reading comprehension. One hundred and forty undergraduates were allocated to one of four experimental conditions varying on the reading medium (in print vs. on screen) and on the reading time-frame (free vs. pressured time). Readers' mindwandering while reading, prediction of performance on a comprehension test, and their text comprehension were measured. In-print readers, but not on-screen readers, mindwandered less on the pressured than in the free time condition, indicating higher task adaptation in print. Accordingly, on-screen readers in the pressured…

Dimensión metacognitiva de las construcciones sintácticas suspendidas: Estudio descriptivo con pacientes afásicos españoles

2016

By taking into consideration conversational outputs from aphasic Spanish speakers, a functional characterisation of suspended syntactic constructions will be provided here. Suspensions of syntactic constructions may be initially thought of as attributed to a language processing deficit in people with aphasia, which is, in fact, only partly the case. An examination of conversational data demonstrates, however, that a comprehensive explanation of syntactic suspensions requires a re-assessment of this phenomenon in the realm of meta-cognitive processes associated with language behaviour. Five general types of procedures and contexts for suspended syntactic constructions will be proposed and di…

ESPERIRE MIMETICO E RAZIONALITÀ NEL MODELLO ADORNIANO DI RAPPORTO MENTE-MONDO.

2014

Il saggio ricostruisce il ruolo cognitivo e razionale della mimesi nel modello adorniano di conoscenza come “differenziazione”. Vi è proposta un’interpretazione della capacità del “pensare per costellazioni” e del linguaggio di “cogliere la cosa”, che ne evidenzia la lontananza dal “vecchio realismo della rappresentazione oggettiva (der alte Abbildrealismus)”. Esso mira anche a rendere esplicito come il modello adorniano di conoscenza sia in grado di dar conto di alcune recenti acquisizioni neurofisiologiche su un livello mimetico di rapporto mente-mondo, e come esso contribuisca ad una convincente interpretazione, razionalista ed antiintellettualista ad un tempo, di alcune loro implicazion…

Perception, Normativity and Action in Contemporary Philosophy of Mind and Cognitive Science

Working on the background of a view of mind as “in action”, as pragmatically shaped by its own dynamic interactions with the world, emerging from the achievements of contemporary philosophy of mind (from Searle to enactivism)and cognitive science (from Gibson to Goodale and Milner)I aim to propose a view of perception as a form of human activity of which we are responsible, and in which our “commitment” to truth and rationality can take place. Against some recent phenomenalist and antirepresentationalist views of perception I'll try to show that the action-oriented character of perception does not challenge its rational constraint to a right representation of the state of affairs which it i…

Between Minds: representing one’s own and others’ minds (through explicatures).

2012

In this dissertation, I show how promising pragmatic intrusion based on the notion of explicature can be in dealing with various topics belonging to epistemology and knowledge transmission, such as propositional attitude reports, attitudes ‘de se’, Immunity to Error through Misidentification, knowing how, quotation and indirect reports. The dissertation is divided into two parts. In the first part, I discuss theoretical problems pertaining to the notion of explicatures, the most important of which is ‘Are explicatures cancellable?’ . I argue that they are not. I support this position further through considerations on modularity of mind. I also discuss the picture of inferential pragmatics b…