Search results for "Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore"

showing 3 items of 23 documents

The Relationship between Alcohol–induced Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in the Liver

2005

This chapter discusses the relationship of apoptosis and oxidative stress induced by alcohol in the liver. Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of alcohol-induced liver disease. Chronic alcoholism always causes oxidative stress independently of the presence of liver disease. Two key mechanisms are responsible for it: (1) the mitochondrial respiratory chain and (2) cytochrome P450 2El activity. Increased production of reactive oxygen species at complexes I and III together with NADH overproduction would be the major cause for mitochondrial oxidative stress in chronic alcoholism. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) cause oxidative damage, which may lead to cell death by …

chemistry.chemical_classificationReactive oxygen speciesProgrammed cell deathNecrosisMitochondrionBiologymedicine.disease_causeCell biologyMitochondrial respiratory chainMitochondrial permeability transition porechemistryApoptosismedicinemedicine.symptomOxidative stress
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Oxygen Radical Scavengers

2010

The myocardium can tolerate only relatively short periods of total myocardial ischemia without myocardial cell death. Following short ischemic periods, ischemic damage is reversible by reperfusion. However, with increasing duration and severity of ischemia, the damage inflicted to cardiomyocytes following reperfusion becomes irreversible. The combined pathologic events in the myocardium that follow a critical period of ischemia and leading to either reversible or irreversible damage to both cardiomyocytes and cardiac microvasculature is known as ischemia-reperfusion injury (Goldhaber and Weiss 1992).

chemistry.chemical_classificationmedicine.medical_specialtyReactive oxygen speciesMyocardial ischemiabusiness.industryRadicalIschemiaIntracellular reactive oxygen speciesmedicine.diseasechemistry.chemical_compoundchemistryMitochondrial permeability transition poreInternal medicinemedicineCardiologyMyocardial cellcardiovascular diseasesXanthine oxidasebusiness
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Aging of the liver: Age-associated mitochondrial damage in intact hepatocytes

1996

Mitochondrial damage may be a major cause of cellular aging. So far, this hypothesis had only been tested using isolated mitochondria. The aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of mitochondria in aging using whole liver cells and not isolated mitochondria only. Using flow cytometry, we found that age is associated with a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (30%), an increase in mitochondrial size, and an increase in mitochondrial peroxide generation (23%). Intracellular peroxide levels were also increased. The number of mitochondria per cell and inner mitochondrial membrane mass did not change. Gluconeogenesis from glycerol or fructose (mitochondrial-independent) did…

medicine.medical_specialtyHepatologyMitochondrionBiologyMitochondrial SizePyruvate carboxylaseEndocrinologyMitochondrial permeability transition poreGluconeogenesisInternal medicinemedicinesense organsATP–ADP translocaseInner mitochondrial membranePhosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinaseHepatology
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