Search results for "Mitochondrial"

Mitochondria and T2D: Role of Autophagy, ER Stress, and Inflammasome.

2020

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the main current threats to human health. Both T2D and its numerous clinical complications are related to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Over the past decade, great progress has been made in extending our knowledge about the signaling events regulated by mitochondria. However, the links among mitochondrial impairment, oxidative stress, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and activation of the inflammasome still need to be clarified. In light of this deficit, we aim to provide a review of the existing literature concerning the complicated crosstalk between mitochondrial impairment, autophagy, ER stress, and the inflammasome in the mo…

OZONE THERAPY: MECHANISMS OF ACTION, RECENT LITERATURE AND NEWLY DISCOVERED BIOCHEMICAL PATHWAYS

2018

Ozone therapy is widely used in many countries since many years. Recently, the increasing widespread of this complementary therapy has been accomplished by an increased number of basic and clinic papers published on international journals. This lecture will deal on the first approach by a pharmacological point of view in the aim to characterize the mechanisms activated at sub-cellular level by ozone when used for medical and beauty application at low graded doses. The first theory was based upon the fact that the exposure to low, non-toxic, ozone concentrations could increase the efficacy of the endogenous antioxidant system by increasing the production or the activity of some enzymes exert…

Empagliflozin Induces White Adipocyte Browning and Modulates Mitochondrial Dynamics in KK Cg-Ay/J Mice and Mouse Adipocytes

2021

Background: White adipose tissue (WAT) browning is a promising target for obesity prevention and treatment. Empagliflozin has emerged as an agent with weight-loss potential in clinical and in vivo studies, but the mechanisms underlying its effect are not fully understood. Here, we investigated whether empagliflozin could induce WAT browning and mitochondrial alterations in KK Cg-Ay/J (KKAy) mice, and explored the mechanisms of its effects.Methods: Eight-week-old male KKAy mice were administered empagliflozin or saline for 8 weeks and compared with control C57BL/6J mice. Mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated in the presence or absence of empagliflozin. Mitochondrial biosynthesis, dynamics, a…

0393: Impact of miR-378* and its target desmin intermediate filament on mitochondria distribution in cardiomyocytes

2014

Background MiR-378 and miR-378* microRNAs are derived from an intron of the PGC-1β gene, a regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. Their expression is either repressed or increased during heart failure depending on the model. Through proteomics approaches, we previously identified new targets of these miRs in H9c2 fetal cardiomyoblasts, among which lactate dehydrogenase for miR-378 and key cytoskeletal proteins for miR-378*. Aims To better assess its role in energy metabolism and differentiation; we overexpressed miR-378 and miR-378* in primary neonate rat cardiomyocytes (NRC) that are more differentiated and less proliferative than H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. Results We identified desmin as a new…

Introduction: Recent Advances in Hereditary Neuromuscular Diseases of Childhood

2006

Nitroglycerin Hits the Nerve

2008

Organic nitrates are still widely used for the treatment of acute and chronic angina and congestive heart failure. When given acutely, their effectiveness is indisputable; in contrast, their long-term efficacy is limited because of serious side effects such as the development of tolerance and

The Charcot Marie Tooth Disease Mutation R94Q in MFN2 Decreases ATP Production but Increases Mitochondrial Respiration under Conditions of Mild Oxida…

2019

Charcot-Marie tooth disease is a hereditary polyneuropathy caused by mutations in Mitofusin-2 (MFN2), a GTPase in the outer mitochondrial membrane involved in the regulation of mitochondrial fusion and bioenergetics. Autosomal-dominant inheritance of a R94Q mutation in MFN2 causes the axonal subtype 2A2A which is characterized by early onset and progressive atrophy of distal muscles caused by motoneuronal degeneration. Here, we studied mitochondrial shape, respiration, cytosolic, and mitochondrial ATP content as well as mitochondrial quality control in MFN2-deficient fibroblasts stably expressing wildtype or R94Q MFN2. Under normal culture conditions, R94Q cells had slightly more fragmented…

L-karnitīna biosintēzes inhibitora mildronāta neirotropo efektu pētījumi eksperimentālajos modeļos

2014

Elektroniskā versija nesatur pielikumus

Hsp 56 mRNA in Paracentrotus lividus embryos binds to a mitochondrial protein

2007

We previously demonstrated that Paracentrotus lividus Hsp56 mitochondrial chaperonin is constitutively expressed during development, that it has a specific territorial distribution, both in normal and heat-shocked embryos, and that its amount increases after heat shock [Roccheri MC, Patti M, Agnello M, Gianguzza F, Carra E, Rinaldi AM. Localization of mitochondrial Hsp56 chaperonin during sea urchin development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001;287:1093-98] and cadmium treatment [Roccheri MC, Agnello M, Boneventura R, Matranga V. Cadmium induces the expression of specific stress proteins in sea urchin embryos. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004;321:80-7]. In this study, we looked at Hsp56 mRNA …

Hsp60 Protects against Amyloid β Oligomer Synaptic Toxicity via Modification of Toxic Oligomer Conformation

2019

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia worldwide. While the etiology of AD remains uncertain, neurotoxic effects of amyloid beta oligomers (Aβo) on synaptic function, a well-established early event in AD, is an attractive area for the development of novel strategies to modify or cease the disease's progression. In this work, we tested the protective action of the mitochondrial chaperone Hsp60 against Aβo neurotoxicity, by determining the direct effect of Hsp60 in changing Aβo toxic conformations and thus reducing their dysfunctional synaptic binding and consequent suppression of long-term potentiation. Our data suggest that Hsp60 has a direct impact on Aβo, resulting in a…