Search results for "Modèle"
showing 10 items of 311 documents
Choix d'écoles à Djibouti : une liberté sous contraintes ?
2013
National audience; Cette recherche, fondée sur une enquête de terrain de deux années, interroge les enjeux actuels de l'école de base à Djibouti, sous ses principales déclinaisons. Situant historiquement l'école primaire (publique et privée catholique) d'inspiration occidentale face à son héritage de la colonisation, elle la confronte anthropologiquement à l'éducation traditionnelle d'une part et la renvoie au contexte de scolarisation orientale (école coranique et madrasa) coexistant d'autre part. Une fois définie la typologie scolaire, les éclairages historiques en terme d'éducation traditionnelle et de colonisation permettent de désigner les formes " d'assignations " d'une école de type …
On the emergence of the urban phenomenon Part II
2001
In this paper, we extend the basic model describing the formation of urban agglomerations in a pre-industrial setting. As we will show, this setting is flexible enough to allow for the investigation of multiple aspects of the spatial economy. After summarizing the basic model and the numerical examples we will refer to, we successively examine the issues of coordination failure in the emergence of the urban phenomenon, the presence of transactions costs and the possibility of diffusion of manufactured good production through the system of agglomerations. This last aspect will be treated in two different ways : that of increasing agricultural productivity and that of increasing technologi…
Ralistic visual immersion : Proposal of an evaluation model
2018
The thesis "Hyper-realistic and multi-sensorial 3D visual immersion" was carried out within the framework of a CIFRE contract established between Arts et Métiers on the one hand and Renault SAS on the other. It proposes a score model to objectively evaluate the ability of an immersive display system to reproduce the right level of sensory stimulation for a user, compared to what he would receive in reality and to the modeling of the human visual system.First, we were interested in laying the foundations of the model: it is composed of twelve criteria, equitably divided into a sum of vision indices and immersion indices. Each criterion is given, as far as possible, a score from 0 to 100. A s…
L’exercice de la médecine générale à l’épreuve du changement de modèle professionnel
2021
International audience
Combiner prototypage et modèles en ateliers de co-conception de systèmes de culture pour une gestion durable des adventices : apports méthodologiques…
2019
Prod 2019-15déquipe SPEEAGESTADAGROSUPINRADOCT; Afin de concevoir des systèmes de culture conciliant production agricole, biodiversité et faible usage d’herbicides, nous avons combiné, en atelier, du prototypage de systèmes de culture par des agriculteurs avec des experts et différents modèles pour évaluer les systèmes en termes de (1) contrôle de la nuisibilité des adventices pour la production et leur contribution à la biodiversité avec les outils DECIFLORSYS (Colas et al., 2019) et FLORSYS (Colbach et al., 2014), (2) de durabilité, économique sociale et environnementale avec DEXiPM (Craheix et al., 2012) ; (3) d’efficacité vis-à-vis de la gestion des adventices et de leur faisabilité tec…
Analysis and modeling of Temporal Dominance of Sensations with stochastic processes
2019
Temporal Dominance of Sensations (TDS) is a technique to measure temporal perception of food product during tasting. For a panelist, it consists in choosing in a list of attributes which one is dominant at any time. This work aims to model TDS data with a stochastic process and proposes to use semi-Markov processes (SMP), a generalization of Markov chains which allows dominance durations to be modeled by any type of distribution. The model can then be used to compare TDS samples based on likelihood ratio. Because probabilities of transition from one attribute to another one can also depend on time, we propose to model TDS by period and we propose a method to select optimally the number of p…
Analysis and modeling of Temporal Dominance of Sensations with stochastic processes
2019
Temporal Dominance of Sensations (TDS) is a technique to measure temporal perception of food product during tasting. For a panelist, it consists in choosing in a list of attributes which one is dominant at any time. This work aims to model TDS data with a stochastic process and proposes to use semi-Markov processes (SMP), a generalization of Markov chains which allows dominance durations to be modeled by any type of distribution. The model can then be used to compare TDS samples based on likelihood ratio. Because probabilities of transition from one attribute to another one can also depend on time, we propose to model TDS by period and we propose a method to select optimally the number of p…
Caractérisation des effets ophtalmiques du syndrome de Cohen chez des souris VPS13B-/- et identification des mécanismes moléculaires impliqué dans la…
2020
Cohen Syndrome (CS) is a rare autosomal recessive disease caused by variations in the gene coding for the vacuolar tri-vacuolar protein 13B (VPS13B or COH1). CS patients have common features including typical facial appearance, neutropenia, abnormal trunk fat distribution, microcephaly, myopia and retinal damage. My thesis project aimed to characterize the ophthalmologic phenotype of a mouse model Vps13bEx3/Ex3 to determine the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of CS retinopathy.First, we showed that Vps13bEx3/Ex3 mice develop a cataract between 2 and 3 months. Disorganization of the fibrous cells of the crystalline lens and their differentiation into mesenchymal cells were o…
The competency-based approach in developing countries : effects of curricular reforms in Sub-Saharan Africa
2013
For decades, all analyzes converge on the idea of the relative inefficiency of education systems in sub-Saharan Africa. Dropout, repetition, overstaffing, low quality of learning student failure and obsolescence of facilities, teaching materials and teachers, including sometimes the levels and quality of education remain somewhat uncertain, inadequate educational programs. In short, these are some of the ills that plague these systems and confirm the findings made by many reports. Given this weakness finding, educational authorities, supported by international aid mobilized in many countries to improve their systems to qualitatively, but also quantitatively equity because we must not forget…
Les langues, facteurs du rendement en lecture dans les évaluations PIRLS
2011
The starting point of this research is the question, may reading acquisition be more or less effective depending on the language in which it is perform? Two categories for classifying the languages have been developed. First the notion of linguistic family is employed to describe the languages from a cultural and historical perspective. Secondly, the notion of orthographic depth is used for differentiating the languages according to the correspondence between orthography and phonetic. These categories have been related to the databases PIRLS 2001 and 2006 (international assessments about reading developed by the IEA), the aim being to connect reading achievement to the language in which stu…