Search results for "Modèle"
showing 10 items of 311 documents
Tropical Temperate Toughs over southern Africa : mechanisms and evolution in response to climate change (2010-2099)
2014
In the Southern Hemisphere, Southern Africa and the south-west Indian Ocean are one of the three preferred regions where interactions between the tropics and midlatitudes develop. This is the South Indian Convergence Zone (SICZ), where northwest-southeast oriented cloud bands form at the synoptic scale (between 3 and 5 days). These bands are mainly found during the austral summer and are commonly referred to as tropical temperate troughs (TTTs). This research aims at improving our knowledge related to TTTs, with a study on the dynamics associated with these systems, and an analysis of their possible evolution during the 21st century.The first part of this thesis aims at identifying favorabl…
Impacts du changement climatique sur la phénologie du Pinot noir en Bourgogne
2013
The viticulture is an important economic and cultural sector in Burgundy. The current climate change raises a number of issues including its impact on crops. In this thesis, the idea is to develop a methodology to address the problem: what are the potential impacts of changes in temperature on the phenology of Pinot noir in Burgundy for years 2031-2048?The evolution of temperatures in Burgundy since 1961 is characterized by a positive temperature shift at the end of the 1980s followed by a period where the temperature increases of about 1.5 ° C.One of the interests of this thesis is to develop, following a strategy developed during the thesis, a spatial database conducted over the period 19…
Study of the biochemical composition and physico-chemistry of a protein-based food model of Parkia biglobosa
2022
In West Africa, the seed of the cowpea (Parkia biglobosa) is used in traditional pharmacopoeia and especially in human food as a condiment. This legume is very rich in proteins and lipids and remains a poorly exploited source of protein. Our thesis focuses on the valorization of Néré seeds for the development of new protein-rich products of plant origin as an alternative to the use of soybean as a basic ingredient. The objectives were : (i)biochemical and physicochemical characterization of protein isolates from Néré seed flour according to the extraction process, (ii) selection of proteolytic lactic acid bacteria capable of fermenting Néré juice, reducing anti-nutritional factors in order …
Apport d'un formalisme psychologique à la modélisation des préférences individuelles. Application aux choix d'itinéraires pédestres
2007
With the increasing need for a sustainable mobility, pedestrian movement analysis lately increased. In an attempt to get a more detailed knowledge of urban pedestrian movement, we intend to model the pedestrian's route choices. Our first approach is based on simple economic models, the discrete choice models. A psychological theory is added in the process in order to improve the pedestrian behaviour simulation. Results show that psychological formalisms are useful for individual choices' modelling. For this reason they could be used more systematically in the framework of urban mobility
Comprehending city and its production in Africa through a systemic approach : example of the city of Diamniadio, Dakar
2022
For a long time, the analysis of the production of the city in Africa was based on an exogenous perception according to urban models theorized and experimented with in the Occidental countries, then diffused and applied through different mechanisms in the South, bearing witness to historical relations - through the making of the colonial city - and present relations - in the context of the making of new towns. After independence, researchers looked at the redefinition of the city in Africa with its complexity and plurality according to geographical and historical trajectories, proposing new urban theories that were more nuanced and linked to local and contextual realities. Therefore, follow…
Spatio-temporal saliency detection in dynamic scenes using color and texture features
2014
Visual saliency is an important research topic in the field of computer vision due to its numerouspossible applications. It helps to focus on regions of interest instead of processingthe whole image or video data. Detecting visual saliency in still images has been widelyaddressed in literature with several formulations. However, visual saliency detection invideos has attracted little attention, and is a more challenging task due to additional temporalinformation. Indeed, a video contains strong spatio-temporal correlation betweenthe regions of consecutive frames, and, furthermore, motion of foreground objects dramaticallychanges the importance of the objects in a scene. The main objective o…
Pour une école qui aime le monde : les leçons d'une comparaison France-Québec (1960-2012)
2013
L'école du Québec aime le monde auquel elle prépare les élèves une société moderne, démocratique, multiculturelle, solidaire. L'école française l'aime beaucoup moins, elle se raidit à beaucoup d'égards contre une modernité jugée menaçante pour ses valeurs. Pourquoi cette différence? Au cours des années soixante, la commission Parent a proposé au Québec un récit global et positif sur l'école et son rôle dans la société moderne. À la même époque, en France, le colloque d'Amiens a proposé un récit moins ample et beaucoup plus ambivalent, même si, dans les deux cas, on réclamait une école moins rigide et plus ouverte. Le premier récit persuadait que les évolutions proposées étaient bonnes, tand…
Les compétences sociales à l'école primaire : essai de mesure et effets sur la réussite
2015
En ligne sur Cairn; National audience; e projet de recherche vise à proposer une mesure et une définition a posteriori de compétences dites sociales à l'école primaire, et à montrer l'intérêt de la prise en compte de ces compétences transversales aux apprentissages dans l'explication des différences de réussite entre élèves. Il repose sur une approche pluri-disciplinaire, permettant d'affiner les outils aussi bien conceptuels que méthodologiques servant à définir et à opérationnaliser les compétences sociales. En ce sens il mobilise des concepts ou des méthodologies empruntés à des disciplines variées (économie, sociologie, psychologie), mais dont la préoccupation commune repose sur une mei…
Quels apports des modèles de management stratégique à l'analyse de la compétitivité du chemin de fer ?
2018
National audience; La SNCF polarise régulièrement l'actualité économique, sociale et politique. Elle a connu en 2018 une nouvelle réforme qui l'a plongée dans plusieurs mois de crise. Plus largement, c'est l'ensemble des chemins de fer européens qui ont fait l'objet de réformes. Associant universitaires, consultants et syndicalistes, ce livre fait le point sur les évolutions récentes de ce mode de transport dans différents pays : Allemagne, Espagne, France, Italie, Royaume-Uni, Suisse. Il s'intéresse aux modalités d'ouverture à la concurrence et à leurs résultats, à l'économie et aux performances des compagnies, au devenir et aux enjeux du fret, aux statuts des personnels, au management de …
Estimation des modèles dynamiques à erreurs composées avec autocorrélation par la méthode des variables instrumentales
1996
In this paper, we consider a dynamic error-components models with autocorrelated disturbances. We analyse the efficient estimation procedure of autocorrelation parameter and we try to find out whether moment conditions of a dynamic model without autocorrelation are valid when the model includes autocorrelation. We propose two efficient estimation methods of autocorrelation parameter in addition to Baltagi and Li (1994) estimator. We show that all moment conditions of a dynamic model without autocorrelation are not valid in dynamics errors-components models with autocorrelated disturbances.