Search results for "Models"
showing 10 items of 8211 documents
Tackling the Limitations of Copolymeric Small Interfering RNA Delivery Agents by a Combined Experimental–Computational Approach
2019
Despite the first successful applications of nonviral delivery vectors for small interfering RNA in the treatment of illnesses, such as the respiratory syncytial virus infection, the preparation of a clinically suitable, safe, and efficient delivery system still remains a challenge. In this study, we tackle the drawbacks of the existing systems by a combined experimental-computational in-depth investigation of the influence of the polymer architecture over the binding and transfection efficiency. For that purpose, a library of diblock copolymers with a molar mass of 30 kDa and a narrow dispersity (Đ1.12) was synthesized. We studied in detail the impact of an altered block size and/or compos…
Predicting school students’ physical activity intentions in leisure-time and school recess contexts: Testing an integrated model based on self-determ…
2021
BackgroundIdentifying psychological correlates of children's physical activity intentions may signpost potentially modifiable targets for interventions aimed at promoting physical activity participation. School recess and leisure-time outside of school are appropriate contexts in which such interventions may be delivered. However, few studies have identified correlates of physical activity intentions in these environments. Examining correlates in these contexts may provide formative evidence on which to base interventions to promote physical activity.PurposeThe current study adopted an integrated theoretical model to test relations between motivational constructs from self-determination the…
Social cognition theories and behavior change in COVID-19: A conceptual review.
2022
The COVID-19 pandemic has had unprecedented health, economic, and social consequences worldwide. Although contact reductions and wearing face coverings have reduced infection rates, and vaccines have reduced illness severity, emergence of new variants of the coronavirus that causes COVID-19, and the shift from pandemic to endemic patterns of infection, highlights the importance of ongoing preventive behavior adherence to manage future outbreaks. Research applying social cognition theories may assist in explaining variance in these behaviors and inform the development of efficacious behavior change interventions to promote adherence. In the present article, we summarize research applying the…
Large-scale effects of migration and conflict in pre-agricultural groups: Insights from a dynamic model.
2016
The debate on the causes of conflict in human societies has deep roots. In particular, the extent of conflict in hunter-gatherer groups remains unclear. Some authors suggest that large-scale violence only arose with the spreading of agriculture and the building of complex societies. To shed light on this issue, we developed a model based on operatorial techniques simulating population-resource dynamics within a two-dimensional lattice, with humans and natural resources interacting in each cell of the lattice. The model outcomes under different conditions were compared with recently available demographic data for prehistoric South America. Only under conditions that include migration among c…
Processes of Personality Development in Adulthood: The TESSERA Framework.
2016
The current article presents a theoretical framework of the short- and long-term processes underlying personality development throughout adulthood. The newly developed TESSERA framework posits that long-term personality development occurs due to repeated short-term, situational processes. These short-term processes can be generalized as recursive sequence of Triggering situations, Expectancy, States/State expressions, and Reactions (TESSERA). Reflective and associative processes on TESSERA sequences can lead to personality development (i.e., continuity and lasting changes in explicit and implicit personality characteristics and behavioral patterns). We illustrate how the TESSERA framework f…
Sex-role orientation and memory for gender-related terms: Another uncertain link
1989
Two studies are reported which investigate the relationship between sex-role orientation and memory for gender-related terms. Based on the concept of ‘cognitive schema’, theoretical models have recently been advanced suggesting that the schematic cognitive representation of gender facilitates the recall of words pertinent to gender. One of these models, Markus' self-schema theory, proposes that masculine and feminine sex-typed individuals have a better memory for terms that correspond to their respective self-schemata. In contrast, Bem's gender schema theory implies that sex-typed individuals have a better memory for the category of gender as a whole, i.e. for both masculine and feminine te…
A teacher-led motor programme to enhance pre-literacy and motor skills in kindergarten children
2020
Structured motor tasks may affect cognitive development by creating a cognitively challenging “enriched environment’, giving opportunity for social cooperation, increasing the joy to learn through play, improving the sense of mastery and competence. The study investigated the association between motor and cognitive exercises, through a teacher-led programme, to provide kindergarten children with the skills necessary for school literacy. Using a cluster-randomized trial design with an intervention group (N = 110) and a control group (N = 64), we examined the effects of a 3-month teacher-led motor programme enriched by executive function tasks. In the intervention group, significant gains wer…
Les élèves en accompagnement scolaire : adéquation entre public visé et public accueilli
2002
This article examines the adjustment between pupils targeted to study in after school programs and pupils who are already in attendance. Several analyses have been drawn up on a large cross-section of seven and ten year-old pupils and have shown that most of them have social problems and/or are under-achieving. However, a third of the cross-section are not experiencing difficulties and therefore should not have been enrolled. Regarding the selection process of the after school programs, the analysis also shows that weak and foreign pupils more frequently seek school support after the normal school day.
Testing a model for the monitoring of worked-out algebra-problem examples: from behaviours to outcomes on a math task
2021
This study aimed at testing an extension of a theoretical model for the metacognitive monitoring mechanism implied in the detection of inconsistencies when the information provided includes abstract symbols in addition to plain text. Ninety-four postgraduates of STEM specialities were asked to read a worked-out algebra-problem example and to report any incoherence, inconsistency, or error detected in the statement or in the solving procedure. A set of model inspired indexes was defined to describe participants¿ behaviour along the task. The Read & Answer software was used to record online individual processing data and participants¿ reports. Results supported model predictions. Indexes corr…
Utilisation du numérique par les enseignants à l’université : description et analyse des facteurs explicatifs
2019
Dans cet article, nous nous intéressons à la nature des technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC) mobilisées par les enseignants universitaires pour enseigner et aux facteurs explicatifs de cette utilisation. Nous procédons d’abord à un éclairage théorique notamment concernant les concepts de « TIC » et d’« utilisation ». Puis, à l’appui des données recueillies en mai 2016 auprès de 248 enseignants d’une université française, nous montrons que les TIC mobilisées par les enseignants à l’intérieur, mais aussi en dehors des heures de cours, sont plutôt d’ordre générique en opposition aux technologies plus sophistiquées. Les enseignants utilisent par ailleurs davantage les TIC …