Search results for "Modula"

AAV vector-mediated overexpression of CB1 cannabinoid receptor in pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus protects against seizure-induced excitoxicity.

2010

The CB1 cannabinoid receptor is the most abundant G-protein coupled receptor in the brain and a key regulator of neuronal excitability. There is strong evidence that CB1 receptor on glutamatergic hippocampal neurons is beneficial to alleviate epileptiform seizures in mouse and man. Therefore, we hypothesized that experimentally increased CB1 gene dosage in principal neurons would have therapeutic effects in kainic acid (KA)-induced hippocampal pathogenesis. Here, we show that virus-mediated conditional overexpression of CB1 receptor in pyramidal and mossy cells of the hippocampus is neuroprotective and moderates convulsions in the acute KA seizure model in mice. We introduce a recombinant a…

OTUB1 inhibits CNS autoimmunity by preventing IFN-γ-induced hyperactivation of astrocytes.

2019

Astrocytes are critical regulators of neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Growing evidence indicates that ubiquitination of signaling molecules is an important cell‐intrinsic mechanism governing astrocyte function during MS and EAE. Here, we identified an upregulation of the deubiquitinase OTU domain, ubiquitin aldehyde binding 1 (OTUB1) in astrocytes during MS and EAE. Mice with astrocyte‐specific OTUB1 ablation developed more severe EAE due to increased leukocyte accumulation, proinflammatory gene transcription, and demyelination in the spinal cord as compared to control mice. OTUB1‐deficient astrocytes were hy…

Single administration of tripeptide α-MSH(11-13) attenuates brain damage by reduced inflammation and apoptosis after experimental traumatic brain inj…

2013

Following traumatic brain injury (TBI) neuroinflammatory processes promote neuronal cell loss. Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) is a neuropeptide with immunomodulatory properties, which may offer neuroprotection. Due to short half-life and pigmentary side-effects of α-MSH, the C-terminal tripeptide α-MSH(11-13) may be an anti-inflammatory alternative. The present study investigated the mRNA concentrations of the precursor hormone proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and of melanocortin receptors 1 and 4 (MC1R/MC4R) in naive mice and 15 min, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after controlled cortical impact (CCI). Regulation of POMC and MC4R expression did not change after trauma, while MC1R levels incr…

Effects of Neuromodulation on Gait

2018

In the last decades, non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has evolved to become a valuable tool in both basic and clinical neuroscience. Various methods of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) have been widely used for diagnostic, prognostic and even therapeutic applications in a broad range of neurological and psychiatric disorders. The rationale for using NIBS techniques lies in the possibility to modulate, in a targeted manner, the activity of different cerebral and cerebellar cortical regions, as well as the functional connections between these areas and distant brain regions also including subcortical structures. The neural circuitry in…

Cortical Temperature Change: A Tool for Modulating Brain States?12

2016

Reduction in temperature depolarizes neurons by a partial closure of potassium channels but decreases the vesicle release probability within synapses. Compared with cooling, neuromodulators produce qualitatively similar effects on intrinsic neuronal properties and synapses in the cortex. We used this similarity of neuronal action in ketamine-xylazine-anesthetized mice and non-anesthetized mice to manipulate the thalamocortical activity. We recorded cortical electroencephalogram/local field potential (LFP) activity and intracellular activities from the somatosensory thalamus in control conditions, during cortical cooling and on rewarming. In the deeply anesthetized mice, moderate cortical co…

2016

This commentary describes important findings of the article published by Sheroziya and Timofeev in The Journal of Neuroscience in 2015. The authors use moderate cortical temperature change, local cooling or heating of somatosensory cortex, to modulate excitable states of the brain. These changes, under physiological conditions, result from neuromodulation, as well as other network effects. They report that cooling disrupts thalamocortical slow oscillations and induces an activated cortical state, while mild heating has the opposite effect and increases slow-wave rhythmicity. We evaluate these findings regarding their utility for inducing and investigating cortical state fluctuations, compar…

ChemInform Abstract: Modular Metal Chalcogenide Chemistry: Secondary Building Blocks as a Basis of the Silicate-Type Framework Structure of CsLiU(PS4…

2012

The new title compound is synthesized from a mixture of U, P2S5, Li2S, Cs2S, and S in the molar ratio 2:2:1:1:4 (sealed silica tube, 700 °C, 3 d).

Intensity-modulated extended-field chemoradiation plus simultaneous integrated boost in the pre-operative treatment of locally advanced cervical canc…

2015

Objective: To investigate the feasibility and determine the recommended pre-operative intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) dose of extended-field chemoradiation along with simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) dose escalation. Methods: A radiation dose of 40Gy over 4 weeks, 2Gy/fraction, was delivered to the tumour and the lymphatic drainage (planning target volume, PTV3), which encompassed a volume larger than standard (common iliac lymphatic area up to its apex, in front of the L3 vertebra), concurrently with chemotherapy (cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil). Radiation dose was escalated to the pelvis (PTV2) and to the macroscopic disease (PTV1) with the SIB-IMRT strategy. Three dose levels we…

Ytterbium-doped fibers for high-power fiber lasers

2021

Ytterbium (Yb) doped optical fibers are widely used in high-power applications and ultrafast lasing since they show adequate power-handling capability and provide desirable beam quality. Yb-doped fibers with large core area can support high power but often act as a multimode fiber and compromise the output beam quality. Hence, it is important to attain a proper balance between the power-handling capability and the beam quality. Yb-doped fibers as a gain medium in pulsed fiber laser systems are prone to nonlinear optical effects due to the presence of high peak power in the ultrashort pulses. Nonlinearity such as self phase modulation (SPM) affects the width and the shape of the pulse, both …

Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Neuromodulation in Patients with Chronic Lateral Epicondylalgia: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial

2021

Objective: The aim was to analyze effects of a percutaneous neuromodulation (PNM) treatment on the radial nerve, regarding pain, functionality, electrophysiologic excitability, and morphology, in patients with chronic lateral epicondylalgia (LE). Methods: Twenty-four patients with chronic unilateral elbow pain were recruited for this preliminary study and were divided into two groups: control (n = 12) and PNM group (n = 12). The subjects in the PNM group received percutaneous peripheral neurostimulation with an acupuncture needle that was located next to the nerve with ultrasound guidance. Pain using a numerical rating scale (NRS), functional ability using patient-rated tennis elbow evaluat…