Search results for "Molar"

Etiological factors in second mandibular molar impaction.

2013

Objectives: The impaction of the second mandibular molar (MM2) has recently become more prevalent. Several etiological hypothesis have been proposed to investigate the association between skeletal features and impaction of MM2. The aims of this study were to analyze the skeletal features in patients with MM2 impaction and the association between arrested eruption of MM2 and the presence of the third mandibular molar (MM3). Study Design: In this retrospective study 48 subjects from 3,530 Caucasian orthodontic patients with MM2 impaction were included in a study group (SG) and compared to a control group (CG) of 200 subjects without MM2 impaction. Panoramic radiographs evaluated the presence …

Preferential solvation of poly(methyl methacrylate) and a bisphenol A diglycidyl ether by size-exclusion chromatography

2004

The preferential adsorption coefficient, lambda, of poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA, in solutions formed by an epoxy resin in tetrahydrofuran (THF), was studied by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). Only PMMA of lowest molar mass was preferentially solvated by epoxy but at low concentrations of epoxy in the mixture. At higher epoxy content PMMA was preferentially solvated by THF. A simultaneous and competitive solvation between the specific interactions PMMA-epoxy and the self association of epoxy at high concentrations would be the responsible of this inversion point. The more compacted coil of PMMA of higher molecular weights in solution could explain the lack of interaction of these po…

Determination of the first ionization potential of actinide elements by resonance ionization mass spectroscopy

1997

Abstract Resonance ionization mass spectroscopy (RIMS) in the presence of an external static electric field has been used for the determination of photoionization thresholds. Extrapolation of the thresholds obtained with different electric field strengths to zero field strength directly leads to the first ionization potential (IP). The ionization potentials of the transplutonium elements americium, curium, berkelium and californium could be measured for the first time. Due to the high sensitivity of RIMS, samples of only 1012 atoms have been used. The results are: IPAm = 5.9738(2)eV, IPCm = 5.9915(2)eV, IPBk = 6.1979(2)eV and IPCf = 6.2817(2)eV. The same technique was applied to thorium, ne…

Experimental Investigations and Ab Initio Studies of Tellurium(II) Dithiolates, Te(SR)2

1999

The reaction between Te(O(i)Pr)(4) and HSR offers a new and effective route to tellurium dithiolates, Te(SR)(2). Te(S(i)Pr)(2) (1) and Te(S(t)Bu)(2) (2) are stable compounds whereas Te(SPh)(2) (3) slowly decomposes at room temperature to give Te and Ph(2)S(2). IR spectra of 1-3 and ab initio calculations (HF/3-21G(d) and MP2 with double-zeta polarization effective core potential basis set) show nu(as)(Te-S) and nu(s)(Te-S) to be around 340 and 380 cm(-)(1), respectively. UV spectra exhibit similar lambda(max) (346-348 nm) for all three compounds, with the greater extinction coefficient of 3 accounting for its different and more intense color. Analysis of the molecular orbitals of the model …

Laser cleaning of oxide iron layer : efficiency enhancement due to electrochemical induced absorptivity change

1999

Laser cleaning experiments exhibited a higher cleaning efficiency of the laser cleaning upon application of electrochemical potential on an oxidised iron surface. The objective of this study is to clarify the role of such an electrochemical control on cleaning efficiency. Therefore a study by optical spectrometry at normal incidence in the relevant conditions was performed. From these measurements the optical parameters n and k were deduced. While n is mainly not affected, k changes for a factor of 10 upon application of an electrochemical potential. These results explain the differences in laser cleaning efficiency due to the modified absorption length.

Predicting mass fluxes in the pervaporation process using Maxwell-Stefan diffusion coefficients

2018

Abstract In the past decades, it has been proven that pervaporation is an effective and energy-efficient membrane process for the separation of liquids that are difficult to separate in classical processes. The demand for new process applications has increased the need for mass transfer simulation methods, considering the interactions between the system components and the influence of process parameters on the permeation fluxes and at the same time requiring as few experiments as possible. The aim of the study was to find out whether the calculation of mass fluxes of multicomponent fluids based on the system of generalized Maxwell-Stefan equations (GMSE), using Maxwell-Stefan (M-S) diffusio…

Thermo‐optical investigations of NaNbO 3 thin films by spectral ellipsometry

2009

In this work a spectroscopic ellipsometry was applied to the thermo-optical investigations of sodium niobate NaNbO3 (NN) thin films at the wide temperature range of 5–820 K. The temperature dependence of complex refractive index dispersions and optical bang energy of the direct allowed electron transitions were evaluated. Additionally dynamic scans of the main ellipsometric angles at the several fixed wave lengths of 300, 400, 500 and 635 nm were performed to acquire more detailed temperature dependences of the refractive index and extinction coefficient. Pronounced minima/maxima and substantial jumps in the temperature dependence of complex refractive index and band gap energy were found a…

Die Fällungschromatographie als exakte Methode zur Bestimmung der Molekulargewichtsverteilung von Hochpolymeren Zur Theorie der Fällungschromatograph…

1965

Bei der Fallungschromatographie wird ein Gemisch Hochpolymerer durch kombinierte Wirkung eines Losungsmittel-Fallungsmittel- und eines Temperaturgradienten in Fraktionen zerlegt, aus denen man nach einem fruher beschriebenen Verfahren die Verteilungskurve der Molekulargewichte erhalt. Eine so bestimmte Verteilungsfunktion ist dann exakt, wenn die Uneinheitlichkeit der Fraktionen (Ufr) klein gegen die Uneinheitlichkeit des zu analysierenden Polymeren (U) ist. Die Uneinheitlichkeit der bei der Fallungschromatographie erhaltenen Fraktionen ist nach Gleichung (20) durch drei Grosen bestimmt: 1 Die Breite der idealisierten Fraktionen, gemessen durch den Abstand ΔP der mittleren Polymerisationsgr…

Variable Release of Interleukin-8 after Hyperosmolar Exposure of Bronchial Epithelial Cell Lines.

2009

Molekulargewichtsbestimmungen an verschieden scharf fraktionierten polymethacrylsäuremethylestern

1954

Aus drei Polymethacrylsauremethylestern, deren Molekulargewichte bei ungefahr 35 000, 500 000 und 8 000 000 lagen, wurden durch fortgesetzte Fraktionierung Praparate von sehr verschiedener Einheitlichkeit hergestellt. Das Molekulargewicht der einzelnen Fraktionen wurde in der Ultrazentrifuge gemessen, sowie die zugehorige Viskositatszahl in Benzol bestimmt. Es zeigt sich, das der Einflus der Einheitlichkeit fur die Beziehung zwischen Polymerisationsgrades und Viskositatszahl gering ist, falls man den Gewichtsdurchschnitt des Molekulargewichtes mist. Die bei diesen Versuchen gewonnenen Sedimentations- und Diffusionskurven werden im Hinblick auf die aus ihnen zu berechnenden Verteilungskurven…