Search results for "Mono"
showing 10 items of 6843 documents
Combination of hormone replacement therapy and high physical activity is associated with differences in Achilles tendon size in monozygotic female tw…
2009
Estrogen concentration has been suggested to play a role in tendon abnormalities and injury. In physically active postmenopausal women, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been suggested to decrease tendon diameter. We hypothesized that HRT use and physical activity are associated with Achilles tendon size and tissue structure. The study applied cotwin analysis of fourteen 54- to 62-yr-old identical female twin pairs with current discordance for HRT use for an average of 7 yr. Achilles tendon thickness and cross-sectional areas were determined by ultrasonography, and tendon structural organization was analyzed from the images using linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Maximal voluntary and…
Release of endogenous 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine and its metabolites from the isolated neurointermediate lobe of the rat pituitary gland. Effects …
1986
: Isolated rat neurointermediate lobes were incubated in vitro. The release of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine (dopamine, DA), dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), homovanillic acid (HVA), and methoxyphenylethanol (MOPET) was determined by HPLC with electrochemical detection. Under resting conditions, the outflow of metabolites was 35–50 times that of DA. HVA accounted for 50%, DOPAC for 45%, and MOPET for 5% of the metabolites. Although an equivalent of 40–50% of the tissue DA content was released per hour as metabolites, the tissue DA content was not reduced after 110 min of incubation. The spontaneous outflow of DA and its metabolites was not affected by the DA uptake inhibitor GBR 12921 (1…
Repression of Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Upregulation Disarms and Expands Human Regulatory T Cells
2011
Abstract The main molecular mechanism of human regulatory T cell (Treg)-mediated suppression has not been elucidated. We show in this study that cAMP represents a key regulator of human Treg function. Repression of cAMP production by inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity or augmentation of cAMP degradation through ectopic expression of a cAMP-degrading phosphodiesterase greatly reduces the suppressive activity of human Treg in vitro and in a humanized mouse model in vivo. Notably, cAMP repression additionally abrogates the anergic state of human Treg, accompanied by nuclear translocation of NFATc1 and induction of its short isoform NFATc1/αA. Treg expanded under cAMP repression, however,…
Choice of fluids in critically ill patients
2018
Background Fluids are by far the most commonly administered intravenous treatment in patient care. During critical illness, fluids are widely administered to maintain or increase cardiac output, thereby relieving overt tissue hypoperfusion and hypoxia. Main text Until recently, because of their excellent safety profile, fluids were not considered “medications”. However, it is now understood that intravenous fluid should be viewed as drugs. They affect the cardiovascular, renal, gastrointestinal and immune systems. Fluid administration should therefore always be accompanied by careful consideration of the risk/benefit ratio, not only of the additional volume being administered but also of th…
D2-dopamine receptor blockade modulates temporal resolution in goldfish.
2002
A possible effect of dopamine on the temporal resolution of goldfish was investigated in a behavioral, two-alternative, forced-choice procedure. Flicker fusion frequency (FFF) was measured before and after bilateral intravitreal injections of D1- or D2-dopamine receptor (D1-/D2-R) antagonists, or after depletion of retinal dopamine by bilateral intravitreal injections of the dopaminergic neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Prior to drug injections, fish achieved FFFs of 33–39 Hz. A D1-R antagonist, SCH 23390, reduced FFF by about 12% (P > 0.1), whereas a D2 antagonist, sulpiride, reduced the relative FFF by 25% (P < 0.03). Depletion of retinal dopamine with 6-OHDA induced a gradual…
Indomethacin treatment in amphotericin B induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
1994
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is a serious side effect of various drugs. Elevated renal prostaglandin E2 levels have been found in patients with lithium-induced NDI and have been implicated in the pathogenesis. We report the case of a patient who developed NDI following treatment with amphotericin B. Prostaglandin levels were elevated. Indomethacin had an antidiuretic effect and normalized prostaglandin levels.
Management of congenital midline nasofrontal dermoid cysts in two identical twins: Case report
2019
Midline dermoid cysts are uncommon lesions that can lead to severe complications when an intracranial extension exists. We report the cases of two twin sisters referred to surgery for removal of the masses and the intracranial extension. They represent an additional example of familial nasal dermoid cysts, providing further support for a genetic basis for the disorder.
Clorgyline effect on pineal melatonin biosynthesis in adrenalectomized rats pretreated with 6-hydroxydopamine
1994
The response to administration of the specific monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) blocker clorgyline was investigated in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats which were adrenalectomized four days prior to treatment or were additionally sympathectomized as newborns by injection of 6-hydroxydopamine. In both groups, the contents of pineal indoles melatonin and N-acetylserotonin were augmented, and the contents of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and 5-hydroxyindoletryptophol decreased 90 min following clorgyline injections when compared to rats receiving saline. The observed responses were less pronounced in rats both adrenalectomized and sympathectomized. The results are in line with the hypothesis that preser…
Prosurvival effect of human wild-type alpha-synuclein on MPTP-induced toxicity to central but not peripheral catecholaminergic neurons isolated from …
2010
In the present work we report the generation of a new line of alpha-synuclein (alpha-SYN) transgenic mice in which the human wild-type alpha-SYN cDNA is expressed under the control of a tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) promoter. We provide evidence that the ectopic protein is found in TH expressing neurons of both central and peripheral nervous systems. The transgene is expressed very early in development coinciding with the activity of the TH promoter and in the adult brain the human protein distributes normally to the nerve endings and cell bodies of dopaminergic nigral neurons without any evidence of abnormal aggregation. Our results indicate that expression of human wild-type alpha-SYN does no…
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-cultured bone marrow-derived macrophages reveal accessory cell function and synthesis of MHC class I…
1988
The antigen-mediated activation of a number of T cell clones by bone marrow (BM) cells cultivated in the presence of various colony-stimulating factor (CSF) preparations was investigated. BM macrophages (BMM phi) grown in L929 cell supernatant as a crude source of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) as well as BM cells propagated in the presence of recombinant M-CSF exhibited transient antigen presentation potential to some T cell clones, being maximal on day 7 and having declined to a low level by day 19 of in vitro culture. Treatment of these long-term-cultivated BMM phi populations with recombinant interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) resulted in predominant antigen presentation capacit…