Search results for "Monoclonal antibody"
showing 10 items of 356 documents
Liver membrane autoantibodies in chronic active hepatitis
1987
Summary Target antigens relevant for immune reactions in inflammatory liver diseases should be expressed on the hepatocellular membrane. Using mechanically or enzymatically isolated rabbit hepatocytes, we evaluated the influence of cell integrity on the detection of membrane-expressed antigens by sera from patients with chronic hepatitis and by murine monoclonal antibodies. Our results provide evidence that target antigens of liver membrane autoantibodies (LMA) as well as liver kidney microsomal antibodies (LKM) are not expressed on the hepatocellular membrane of viable and intact isolated rabbit hepatocytes. However, LMA were detected in the sera of 56% of patients with autoimmune chronic …
Ultrastructural localization of interferon-producing cells in the livers of patients with chronic hepatitis B
1991
Cells expressing alpha- and gamma-interferon were localized in the liver tissue of patients with chronic hepatitis B by means of light and electron microscopy using monoclonal antibodies. Interferon-positive cells were regularly seen in the infiltrating mononuclear cells, and the number showed a good correlation with the degree of the necroinflammatory activity of the disease. In chronic persistent hepatitis and in normal livers, they were infrequent or virtually absent. alpha-Interferon was shown to be positive in lymphocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes and fibroblasts, Kupffer cells and, weakly, in the cytoplasm of a few hepatocytes in cases of active hepatitis, whereas gamma-interferon…
Expression of Ia-antigens on guinea pig Kupffer cells
1986
Summary The expression of the Ia-antigen on guinea pig Kupffer cells was studied employing two monoclonal antibodies against two different determinants of the Ia-molecule. The study was performed in situ on liver sections and on isolated highly purified Kupffer cells kept in culture up to 6 days. The influence of guinea pig hepatocyte culture supernatant and of supernatants of phytohemoagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) on the Ia expression was measured. Immunofluorescence staining of cryostat sections revealed that the monoclonal antibodies used are able to detect Ia-antigens on liver macrophages in situ. The in vitro studies strongly suggest that all Kupf…
Analysis of the (H-2b x H-2k)F1Restricted Response to Insulin.
1984
The aim of these studies was to characterize the (H-2b X H-2k)F1-unique restriction element(s) responsible for presentation of bovine insulin (BI) to a long-term cultured T-cell line (BK-BI-1.2). (B10.BR X bm12)F1 spleen cells, which express a normal Ab alpha Ak beta molecule but a mutated Ak alpha Abm12 beta product on their cell surface, were perfectly able to act as BI-presenting cells. Antibody inhibition experiments with antibodies directed at I-Ak products revealed that monoclonal antibody 10-2.16, which reacts with the Ak beta polypeptide chain, abrogated BI-directed T-cell proliferation, whereas antibody H116-32.R5 with specificity for the Ak alpha chain was not inhibitory. These re…
Immunohistochemical localization of polysialic acid in tissue sections: differential binding to polynucleotides and DNA of a murine IgG and a human I…
1990
For immunolocalization of alpha(2-8)-linked polysialic acid, which forms part of the neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM), two monoclonal antibodies, MAb735 and IgMNOV, were employed. Both antibodies have previously been shown to bind the extremely low immunogenic capsular polysaccharide of group B meningococci, which also consists of alpha(2-8) polysialic acid, but not to other, even closely related forms of polysialic acid. Despite the identical polysaccharide specificity of these two MAb, we observed marked differences of the staining pattern in tissue sections. We showed that these differences in immunostaining were due to the crossreactivity of IgMNOV with polynucleotides and DNA. MA…
Tissue invasiveness and non-acidic pH in human candidiasis correlate with "in vivo" expression by Candida albicans of the carbohydrate epitope recogn…
2004
Background: The morphogenetic conversion between yeast and hyphal growth forms appears to be crucial in the pathogenesis of invasive candidiasis, and can be regulated by environmental signals such as extracellular pH. Aims: To characterise the epitope recognised by monoclonal antibody 1H4, and to evaluate the expression of its corresponding epitope in Candida albicans cells under different conditions of pH and temperature, and “in vivo”, in tissue samples from patients with human candidiasis. Methods: Monoclonal antibody 1H4 was generated against the 58 kDa cell wall mannoprotein of C albicans (mp58), and was further characterised by immunoblot analysis, periodate treatment of the antigenic…
Anti-Idiotypic Antibodies Against the Kinin Receptor
1992
Three sets of monoclonal antibodies against bradykinin (MBK1, MBK2, MBK3) were generated by somatic cell fusion, characterized by their peptide specificity and compared to the known ligand specificity of the kinin receptor subtypes. By these criteria the paratope of MBK3 resembled the B2 receptor binding site whereas MBK1 shared principal binding characteristics with the B1 recrptor. Anti-idiotypic antibodies against MBK1, MBK2 and MBK3 were raised in rabbit and sheep. Specificity of the network components was verified by inhibition experiments on the level of peptide, idiotype and anti-idiotype. Anti-idiotypic antibodies against MBK3 recognized a conformation-dependent epitope which was bi…
The conjugation strategy affects antibody orientation and targeting properties of nanocarriers.
2021
Antibody-modified drug delivery systems in the nano-range have the ability to overcome current challenges for treating diseases due to their high specificity towards the targeted body region. However, no antibody-bound nanocarrier has been clinically approved to date. This missing clinical approval may be a result of the conjugation strategy that influences the spatial orientation of the attached antibody on the nanocarriers' surface. What is not missing, however, is a diverse selection of antibody to nanocarrier conjugation strategies that determine the success of an antibody functionalized drug delivery system. In this paper, two antibody conjugation strategies were compared by conjugatin…
Hapten synthesis, monoclonal antibody generation, and development of competitive immunoassays for the analysis of picoxystrobin in beer.
2010
Abstract This paper describes the original synthesis of a functionalized derivative of the fungicide picoxystrobin and the generation of the first reported monoclonal antibodies against this strobilurin pesticide. The synthetic hapten was prepared by total synthesis from commercial chemicals and incorporating the spacer arm through a carbon–carbon single bond. Also, to obtain the immunogen, an uncommon hapten activation strategy based on N,N′-disuccinimidyl carbonate was employed, affording high activation yields and clean and reproducible coupling results. With these immunoreagents, two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were developed: a competitive one-step assay using the antib…
Minimal peripheral blood cells carrying clonal markers of b cell disorders: Evidence for monoclonality of circulating lymphocytes in patients with mu…
1989
Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of 20 patients with multiple myeloma (MM) were assayed for clonality by Southern blot and cell surface marker analysis. Eight samples showed monoclonal origin of circulating lymphocytes by demonstrating rearrangements of the heavy chain immunoglobulin gene (IgH). In selected experiments, comparison of IgH rearrangements of bone marrow plasma cells and peripheral blood-derived mononuclear cells, highly enriched for B lymphocytes, proved to be identical. However, monoclonal circulating cells could not be detected in samples with rearranged IgH genes by surface marker phenotyping using one-color immunofluorescence analysis and a panel of monoclonal and polycl…