Search results for "Morphogen"
showing 10 items of 258 documents
Tenectin is a novel alphaPS2betaPS integrin ligand required for wing morphogenesis and male genital looping in Drosophila.
2010
International audience; Morphogenesis of the adult structures of holometabolous insects is regulated by ecdysteroids and juvenile hormones and involves cell-cell interactions mediated in part by the cell surface integrin receptors and their extracellular matrix (ECM) ligands. These adhesion molecules and their regulation by hormones are not well characterized. We describe the gene structure of a newly described ECM molecule, tenectin, and demonstrate that it is a hormonally regulated ECM protein required for proper morphogenesis of the adult wing and male genitalia. Tenectin's function as a new ligand of the PS2 integrins is demonstrated by both genetic interactions in the fly and by cell s…
Trends in congenital anomalies in Europe from 1980 to 2012
2018
Background Surveillance of congenital anomalies is important to identify potential teratogens. Methods This study analysed the prevalence of 61 congenital anomaly subgroups (excluding chromosomal) in 25 population-based EUROCAT registries (1980–2012). Live births, fetal deaths and terminations of pregnancy for fetal anomaly were analysed with multilevel random-effects Poisson regression models. Results Seventeen anomaly subgroups had statistically significant trends from 2003±2012; 12 increasing and 5 decreasing. Conclusions The annual increasing prevalence of severe congenital heart defects, single ventricle, atrioventricular septal defects and tetralogy of Fallot of 1.4% (95% CI: 0.7% to …
Bone morphogenetic protein-4 is required for mesoderm formation and patterning in the mouse.
1995
Bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) is a member of the TGF-beta superfamily of polypeptide signaling molecules, closely related to BMP-2 and to Drosophila decapentaplegic (DPP). To elucidate the role of BMP-4 in mouse development the gene has been inactivated by homologous recombination in ES cells. Homozygous mutant Bmp-4tm1blh embryos die between 6.5 and 9.5 days p.c., with a variable phenotype. Most Bmp-4tm1blh embryos do not proceed beyond the egg cylinder stage, do not express the mesodermal marker T(Brachyury), and show little or no mesodermal differentiation. Some homozygous mutants develop to the head fold or beating heart/early somite stage or beyond. However, they are development…
Muscle-Related Polymorphisms (MSTN rs1805086 and ACTN3 rs1815739) Are Not Associated with Exceptional Longevity in Japanese Centenarians
2016
Myostatin (MSTN) and α-actinin-3 (ACTN3) genes are potentially associated with preservation of muscle mass and oxidative capacity, respectively. To explore the possible role of these genes in exceptional longevity (EL), the allele/genotype frequency distribution of two polymorphisms in MSTN (rs1805086, K153R) and ACTN3 (rs1815739, R577X) was studied in Japanese centenarians of both sexes (n = 742) and healthy controls (n = 814). The rs1805086 R-allele (theoretically associated with muscle mass preservation at the expense of oxidative capacity) was virtually absent in the two groups, where genotype distributions were virtually identical. Likewise, no differences in allele (p = 0.838 (women);…
Bone morphogenetic protein 4 induces differentiation of colorectal cancer stem cells and increases their response to chemotherapy in mice.
2010
BACKGROUND & AIMS: The limited clinical response observed in many patients with colorectal cancer may be related to the presence of chemoresistant colorectal can- cer stem cells (CRC-SCs). Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) promotes the differentiation of normal colonic stem cells. We investigated whether BMP4 might be used to induce differentiation of CRC-SCs and for therapeutic purposes. METHODS: CRC-SCs were isolated from 25 tumor samples based on expression of CD133 or using a selection culture medium. BMP4 expression and activity on CRC-SCs were evaluated in vitro; progeny of the stem cells were evaluated by immunofluorescence, immuno- blot, and flow cytometry analyses. The potential …
Morphology and chronology of ischemic mucosal changes in the small intestine
1983
The morphology and chronology of an absolute ischemia was investigated on the small intestine of man and rat. It could be shown that the morphogenesis of ischemic damage to the intestinal mucosa in man does not differ from that in the rat. However, there are crucial and in therapeutic terms significant differences in the time course of the ischemic damage to the intestinal mucosa. Whereas in the small intestine of the rat, the first appreciable alterations - detachment and disruption of the lining epithelium at the villous tip - are already to be observed after absolute ischemia lasting 15 min, in the human small intestine the same lesions only occur after 4 h. A comparable complete necrosi…
Sex-related effects in the superhydrophobic properties of damselfly wings in young and old Calopteryx splendens.
2013
Numerous sex-related morphological adaptations are connected to reproductive behavior in animals. For example, females of some insect species can submerge during oviposition, which may lead to sex-related adaptations in the hydrophobicity (water-repellency) due to specialization of certain morphological structures. On the other hand, ageing can cause changes in hydrophobicity of the surface, because the morphological structures can wear with age. Here, we investigated sex-and age-related differences in wing hydrophobicity and in morphology (spine density, wax cover characteristics, size of females' pseudopterostigma) potentially related to hydrophobicity of Calopteryx splendens damselflies.…
Mandibular-pelvic-patellar syndrome (mpp) is a novel pitx1-related disorder due to alteration of pitx1 transactivation ability
2020
International audience; PITX1 is a homeobox transcription factor essential for hindlimb morphogenesis. Two PITX1-related human disorders have been reported to date: PITX1 ectopic expression causes Liebenberg syndrome, characterized by malformation of upper limbs showing a "lower limb" appearance; PITX1 deletions or missense variation cause a syndromic picture including clubfoot, tibial hemimelia, and preaxial polydactyly. We report two novel PITX1 missense variants, altering PITX1 transactivation ability, in three individuals from two unrelated families showing a distinct recognizable autosomal dominant syndrome, including first branchial arch, pelvic, patellar, and male genital abnormaliti…
Supervised exercise training in peripheral arterial disease increases vascular shear stress and profunda femoral artery diameter
2016
Background Arteriogenesis is promoted by flow- and pressure-related forces such as tangential wall stress and laminar shear stress. Exercise training (ET) is known to promote arteriogenesis in peripheral arterial disease (PAD) patients. It remains unclear whether supervised ET (SET) promotes arteriogenesis more efficiently than non-SET (nSET). Methods and results Forty PAD patients participated in a SET or nSET training programme ( n = 20 each) and were compared to 20 healthy individuals without any history of cardiovascular events. Femoral artery diameter, flow and velocity were measured by ultrasound. Tangential wall stress and laminar shear stress were calculated for femoral arteries. Fo…
Immobilization of BMP‐2, BMP‐7 and alendronic acid on titanium surfaces: Adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow‐derived stem cells
2019
This study analyzed the influence of titanium (TiO2 ) surface modifications with two osteogenic proteins (BMP-2, BMP-7) and an anti-osteoclastic drug (alendronic acid [AA]) on sandblasted/acid-etched (SLA) and plain TiO2 (PT) on cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation (alkaline phosphatase [AP] and osteocalcin [OC]) of bone-marrow derived stem cells (BMSCs) after 1, 3 and 7 days in-vitro. Initially, AA surfaces showed the highest cell number and surface coverage. At day 3 and 7, BMP and AA-modified surfaces exhibited a significantly enhanced cell growth. For proliferation, at days 3 and 7, an enhancement on BMP-2, BMP-7 and AA-surfaces was seen. At day 7, SLA also showed a higher p…