Search results for "Motion Perception"

Multisensory integration of drumming actions: musical expertise affects perceived audiovisual asynchrony

2009

We investigated the effect of musical expertise on sensitivity to asynchrony for drumming point-light displays, which varied in their physical characteristics (Experiment 1) or in their degree of audiovisual congruency (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, 21 repetitions of three tempos x three accents x nine audiovisual delays were presented to four jazz drummers and four novices. In Experiment 2, ten repetitions of two audiovisual incongruency conditions x nine audiovisual delays were presented to 13 drummers and 13 novices. Participants gave forced-choice judgments of audiovisual synchrony. The results of Experiment 1 show an enhancement in experts' ability to detect asynchrony, especially fo…

Functional correlate and delineated connectivity pattern of human motion aftereffect responses substantiate a subjacent visual-vestibular interaction.

2018

The visual motion aftereffect (MAE) is the most prominent aftereffect in the visual system. Regarding its function, psychophysical studies suggest its function to be a form of sensory error correction, possibly also triggered by incongruent visual-vestibular stimulation. Several observational imaging experiments have deducted an essential role for region MT+ in the perception of a visual MAE but not provided conclusive evidence. Potential confounders with the MAE such as ocular motor performance, attention, and vection sensations have also never been controlled for. Aim of this neuroimaging study was to delineate the neural correlates of MAE and its subjacent functional connectivity pattern…

Perception of emotional content in musical performances by 3–7-year- old children

2013

The emotional content expressed through musical performance has become a widely-discussed topic in music psychology during the past two decades. However, empirical evidence regarding children’s abilities in interpreting the emotional content of a musical performance is sparse. We investigated 3–7-year-old children’s abilities to interpret the emotional content expressed through performance features in music. Short musical pieces previously rated as inexpressive of emotion were recorded by three musicians with five emotional expressions (happy, sad, fearful, angry and neutral) and played to 3–7-year-old children ( N = 94), adult non-musicians ( N = 83), and adult musicians ( N = 118) who ma…

Adolescents’ expression and perception of emotion in music reflects their broader abilities of emotional communication

2014

Background: Musical behavior has been shown to reflect broader individual differences. However, despite the prevalence of music in the lives of young people little is known about the mechanisms through which adolescents’ musical behavior connects to their general socio-emotional behavior and adjustment. The current study focused on abilities of emotional communication and investigated whether adolescents’ abilities in both perceiving and expressing emotions through music would be reflective of their general abilities of socio-emotional communication and interaction, measured through empathy and conduct problems. Due to the lack of previous research the study was mainly exploratory, but we e…

Neuronal network characteristics in the cat superior colliculus

1977

The system theoretical description of the superficial layers of neurons in the cat's superior colliculus is based on homogeneous linear space-time filters. The most important neurophysiological findings on the superior colliculus are simulated on the digital computer by generating suitable coupling functions and matching the space and time parameters. It is shown that the neurophysiological measurements can be interpreted by varying a few system parameters. The curves of velocity dependent responses, direction specificity and the effects of the colliculus specific surround are examined in particular. Computer simulation shows that such a surround can evaluate small moving stimuli differentl…

A putative social chemosignal elicits faster cortical responses than perceptually similar odorants.

2006

Social chemosignals, so-called pheromones, have recently attracted much attention in that effects on women's psychophysiology and cortical processing have been reported. We here tested the hypothesis that the human brain would process a putative social chemosignal, the endogenous steroid endrostadienone, faster than other odorants with perceptually matched intensity and hedonic characteristics. Chemosensory event-related potentials (ERP) were recorded in healthy women. ERP analyses indicate that androstadienone was processed significantly faster than the control odorants. Androstadienone elicited shorter latencies for all recorded ERP components but most so for the late positivity. This fin…

Vection lies in the brain of the beholder: EEG parameters as an objective measurement of vection

2015

Neuropharmacology of vision in goldfish: A review

2009

AbstractThe goldfish is one of the few animals exceptionally well analyzed in behavioral experiments and also in electrophysiological and neuroanatomical investigations of the retina. To get insight into the functional organization of the retina we studied color vision, motion detection and temporal resolution before and after intra-ocular injection of neuropharmaca with known effects on retinal neurons. Bicuculline, strychnine, curare, atropine, and dopamine D1- and D2-receptor antagonists were used. The results reviewed here indicate separate and parallel processing of L-cone contribution to different visual functions, and the influence of several neurotransmitters (dopamine, acetylcholin…

Small field motion detection in goldfish is red-green color blind and mediated by the M-cone type

2007

Large field motion detection in goldfish, measured in the optomotor response, is based on the L-cone type, and is therefore color-blind (Schaerer & Neumeyer, 1996). In experiments using a two-choice training procedure, we investigated now whether the same holds for the detection of a small moving object (size: 8 mm diameter; velocity: 7 cm/s). In initial experiments, we found that goldfish did not discriminate between a moving and a stationary stimulus, obviously not taking attention to the cue “moving.” Therefore, random dot patterns were used in which the stimulus was visible only when moving. Using black and white random dot patterns with variable contrast between 0.2 and 1, we found…

2013

The motion energy sensor has been shown to account for a wide range of physiological and psychophysical results in motion detection and discrimination studies. It has become established as the standard computational model for retinal movement sensing in the human visual system. Adaptation effects have been extensively studied in the psychophysical literature on motion perception, and play a crucial role in theoretical debates, but the current implementation of the energy sensor does not provide directly for modelling adaptation-induced changes in output. We describe an extension of the model to incorporate changes in output due to adaptation. The extended model first computes a space-time r…