Search results for "Motor activity"
showing 10 items of 486 documents
Suspected motor problems and low preference for active play in childhood are associated with physical inactivity and low fitness in adolescence.
2011
Background This prospective longitudinal study investigates whether suspected motor problems and low preference for active play in childhood are associated with physical inactivity and low cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescence. Methodology/Principal Findings The study sample consisted of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (NFBC 1986) composed of 5,767 children whose parents responded to a postal inquiry concerning their children's motor skills at age 8 years and who themselves reported their physical activity at age 16 years. Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured with a cycle ergometer test at age 16 years. Odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the level o…
Dietary total antioxidant capacity and mortality in the PREDIMED study
2015
PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to assess the association between the dietary total antioxidant capacity, the dietary intake of different antioxidants and mortality in a Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular disease risk. METHODS: A total of 7,447 subjects from the PREDIMED study (multicenter, parallel group, randomized controlled clinical trial), were analyzed treating data as an observational cohort. Different antioxidant vitamin intake and total dietary antioxidant capacity were calculated from a validated 137-item food frequency questionnaire at baseline and updated yearly. Deaths were ascertained through contact with families and general practitioners, review of med…
Dopamine restores limbic memory loss, dendritic spine structure, and NMDAR-dependent LTD in the nucleus accumbens of alcohol-withdrawn rats
2018
Alcohol abuse leads to aberrant forms of emotionally salient memory, i.e., limbic memory, that promote escalated alcohol consumption and relapse. Accordingly, activity-dependent structural abnormalities are likely to contribute to synaptic dysfunctions that occur from suddenly ceasing chronic alcohol consumption. Here we show that alcohol-dependent male rats fail to perform an emotional-learning task during abstinence but recover their functioning byl-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanin (l-DOPA) administration during early withdrawal.l-DOPA also reverses the selective loss of dendritic “long thin” spines observed in medium spiny neurons of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell of alcohol-dependent rats d…
A healthy Nordic diet and physical performance in old age : findings from the longitudinal Helsinki Birth Cohort Study
2016
AbstractEpidemiological studies have shown that a number of nutrients are associated with better physical performance. However, little is still known about the role of the whole diet, particularly a healthy Nordic diet, in relation to physical performance. Therefore, we examined whether a healthy Nordic diet was associated with measures of physical performance 10 years later. We studied 1072 participants from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study. Participants’ diet was assessed using a validated 128-item FFQ at the mean age of 61 years, and a priori-defined Nordic diet score (NDS) was calculated. The score included Nordic fruits and berries, vegetables, cereals, PUFA:SFA and trans-fatty acids ra…
Novel Analgesic Agents Obtained by Molecular Hybridization of Orthosteric and Allosteric Ligands
2019
AbstractDespite the high incidence of acute and chronic pain in the general population, the efficacy of currently available medications is unsatisfactory. Insufficient management of pain has a profound impact on the quality of life and can have serious physical, psychological, social, and economic consequences. This unmet need reflects a failure to develop novel classes of analgesic drugs with superior clinical properties and lower risk of abuse. Nevertheless, recent advances in our understanding of the neurobiology of pain are offering new opportunities for developing different therapeutic approaches. Among those, the activation of M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, which play a key ro…
Serotonin modulates a depression-like state in Drosophila responsive to lithium treatment
2016
Major depressive disorder (MDD) affects millions of patients; however, the pathophysiology is poorly understood. Rodent models have been developed using chronic mild stress or unavoidable punishment (learned helplessness) to induce features of depression, like general inactivity and anhedonia. Here we report a three-day vibration-stress protocol for Drosophila that reduces voluntary behavioural activity. As in many MDD patients, lithium-chloride treatment can suppress this depression-like state in flies. The behavioural changes correlate with reduced serotonin (5-HT) release at the mushroom body (MB) and can be relieved by feeding the antidepressant 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan or sucrose, which …
The polymodal sensory cortex is crucial for controlling lateral postural stability: evidence from stroke patients.
2000
International audience; In modern literature, internal models are considered as a general neural process for resolving sensory ambiguities, synthesising information from disparate sensory modalities, and combining efferent and afferent information. The polymodal sensory cortex, especially the temporoparietal junction (TPJ), is thought to be a nodal point of the network underlying these properties. According to this view, a pronounced disruption of the TPJ functioning should dramatically impair body balance. Surprisingly, little attention has been paid to this possible relationship, which was the subject of investigation in this study. Twenty-two brain-damaged patients and 14 healthy subject…
7-Nitroindazole blocks conditioned place preference but not hyperactivity induced by morphine.
2003
The effects of 7-nitroindazole (7-NI), a neural nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibitor, on spontaneous locomotor activity, morphine-induced hyperactivity, acquisition of place conditioning and morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) were evaluated in male mice. In experiment 1, animals treated with 7-NI (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg), morphine (40 mg/kg) or morphine (40 mg/kg) plus 7-NI (25, 50 or 100 mg/kg) were placed in an actimeter for 3 h. In experiment 2, animals treated with the same drugs and doses were conditioned following an unbiased procedure. 7-NI did not affect the spontaneous locomotor activity or hyperactivity induced by morphine. However, the moderate and high doses of …
Effects of acute administration of bupropion on behavior in the elevated plus-maze test by NMRI mice
2004
Bupropion attenuates some symptoms of nicotine abstinence, although its effects on anxiety are unclear. The present study investigates acute effects of bupropion (5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) on anxiety as expressed in the elevated plus-maze test in male NMRI mice. Given the influence of locomotion in this test, effects of bupropion were also evaluated in an actimeter. Spontaneous motor activity remained significantly increased in mice treated with 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg of bupropion during the 60 min recorded. Results from the elevated plus-maze showed that 20 mg/kg increased total arm entries and 40 mg/kg increased total and open arm entries. Although the increase in the number of visits to the o…
Gender differences in the effects of haloperidol on avoidance conditioning in mice
1995
Abstract Gender differences in the effects of haloperidol (0.07S mg/kg per day for 5 days) on avoidance conditioning were evaluated. We also studied performance of the subjects free of the drug and the acute effects of haloperidol in animals trained without drug 48 h after the last haloperidol administration. Latencies of escape and avoidance responses, number of nonresponses, escapes, avoidances, crossings during the adaptation period, crossings during intertrial intervals, and total crossings per minute were analyzed. This dosage impaired conditioning of the male animals but did not attain the same effects on females. Haloperidol did not deteriorate performance of the task when it had bee…