Search results for "Motor learning"
showing 10 items of 162 documents
Motor learning and body size within an insect brain computational model
2014
Nowadays modeling insect brains is also an important source of inspiration to develop learning architectures and control algorithms for applications on autonomous walking robots. Within the insect brain two important neuropiles received a lot of attention: the mushroom bodies (MBs) and the central complex (CX). Recent research activities considered the MBs as a unique architecture where different behavioural functions can be found. MBs are well known in bees and flies for their role in performing associative learning and memory in odor conditioning experiments [4]. They are also involved in the processing of multiple sensory modalities including visual tasks [3], different forms of learning…
Invited commentary: Differential learning is different from contextual interference learning.
2016
There has been renewed interest in the detailed structure of what is learned and the boundary conditions that foster motor learning. The accompanying article by Hossner et al. (2016), particularly their findings about augmented feedback in the context of different levels of additional noise, is consistent with this focus. Unfortunately, the findings from Hossner and colleagues appear to be based on incorrect interpretations of the differential learning (DL) approach. Essential discrepancies in the experimental conditions suggest the basis for the deviating results obtained in comparison to those of the original DL experiments. In this comment, it is also shown that the author's assumptions …
A computational model for motor learning in insects
2013
The aim of this paper is to propose a computational model, inspired by Drosophila melanogaster, able to handle problems related to motor learning. The role of the Mushroom Bodies and the Central Complex in solving this problem is analyzed and plausible biologically inspired models are proposed. The designed computational models have been evaluated in simulation using a dynamic structure inspired by the fruit fly. The obtained results open the way to new neurobiological experiments focused to better understand the underlined mechanisms involved, to verify the feasibility of the hypotheses formulated and the significance of the obtained results.
Apprentissage implicite de régularités : Mise en évidence d'une différence d'apprentissage entre tâches motrices continues et discrètes
2005
This research is concerned with the implicit learning of regularities in continuous motor tasks (e.g., tracking tasks) and discrete tasks (e.g., Serial Reaction Time tasks). First, a reanalysis of Wulf and collaborator's studies, dealing with implicit motor learning, made it possible to highlight methodological problems and potential biases that provide alternative explanations for the apparent implicit learning obtained in their continuous tracking experiments. Indeed, by respecting a more rigorous methodology, it appears that it is quite difficult to obtain such learning in a continuous task. This led us to try to understand why it was easier to draw benefit from a repetition in a discret…
2020
Although the individuality of whole-body movements has been suspected for years, the scientific proof and systematic investigation that individuals possess unique movement patterns did not manifest until the introduction of the criteria of uniqueness and persistence from the field of forensic science. Applying the criteria of uniqueness and persistence to the individuality of motor learning processes requires complex strategies due to the problem of persistence in the learning processes. One approach is to examine the learning process of different movements. For this purpose, it is necessary to differentiate between two components of movement patterns: the individual-specific component and …
Can Individual Movement Characteristics Across Different Throwing Disciplines Be Identified in High-Performance Decathletes?
2020
Although the individuality of whole-body movements has been suspected for years, the scientific proof and systematic investigation that individuals possess unique movement patterns did not manifest until the introduction of the criteria of uniqueness and persistence from the field of forensic science. Applying the criteria of uniqueness and persistence to the individuality of motor learning processes requires complex strategies due to the problem of persistence in the learning processes. One approach is to examine the learning process of different movements. For this purpose, it is necessary to differentiate between two components of movement patterns: the individual-specific component and …
Music as a mnemonic to learn gesture sequences in normal aging and Alzheimer’s disease
2014
Strong links between music and motor functions suggest that music could represent an interesting aid for motor learning. The present study aims for the first time to test the potential of music to assist in the learning of sequences of gestures in normal and pathological aging. Participants with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) and healthy older adults (Controls) learned sequences of meaningless gestures that were either accompanied by music or a metronome. We also manipulated the learning procedure such that participants had to imitate the gestures to-be-memorized in synchrony with the experimenter or after the experimenter during encoding. Results show different patterns of performance for t…
The relationship between vigilance capacity and physical exercise: a mixed-effects multistudy analysis
2019
We thank to all the participants who took part in the experiment.
In utero exposure to mixtures of xenoestrogens and child neuropsychological development.
2014
BACKGROUND: To date, no epidemiological studies have explored the impact and persistence of in utero exposure to mixtures of xenoestrogens on the developing brain. We aimed to assess whether the cumulative effect of xenoestrogens in the placenta is associated with altered infant neuropsychological functioning at two and at four years of age, and if associations differ among boys and girls. METHODS: Cumulative prenatal exposure to xenoestrogens was quantified in the placenta using the biomarker Total Effective Xenoestrogen Burden (TEXB-alpha) in 489 participants from the INMA (Childhood and the Environment) Project. TEXB-alpha was split in tertiles to test its association with the mental and…
2016
Mirror training therapy is a promising tool to initiate neural plasticity and facilitate the recovery process of motor skills after diseases such as stroke or hemiparesis by improving the intermanual transfer of fine motor skills in healthy people as well as in patients. This study evaluated whether these augmented performance improvements by mirror visual feedback (MVF) could be used for learning a sport-specific skill and if the effects are modulated by skill level. A sample of 39 young, healthy, and experienced basketball and handball players and 41 novices performed a stationary basketball dribble task at a mirror box in a standing position and received either MVF or direct feedback. Af…