Search results for "Muscle strength"

Sarcopenia and appendicular muscle mass as predictors of impaired fasting glucose/type 2 diabetes in elderly women

2021

Elderly women exhibit a high risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but no definitive data exist about the possible role of postmenopausal increases in visceral adiposity, the loss of lean body mass, or decreases in the sum of the lean mass of arms and legs (appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM)). This retrospective, longitudinal study investigated whether body composition (bioelectrical impedance analysis) predicted the development of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or T2D in a cohort of 159 elderly women (age: 71 ± 5 years, follow-up: 94 months) from southern Italy (Clinical Nutrition and Geriatric Units of the “Mater Domini” University Hospital in Catanzaro, Calabria region, and the “P. Giacco…

Muscle function in monozygotic female twin pairs discordant for hormone replacement therapy

2011

Introduction: Postmenopausal monozygotic twin pairs discordant for hormone replacement therapy (HRT) provide an advantageous study design controlling for genetic background for elucidating the relationships between aging, sex hormone levels, muscle strength, contractile capacity, and fatigability. Methods: Thirteen postmenopausal monozygotic twin pairs discordant for HRT were measured for maximal voluntary torque (MVC) and twitch characteristics using electrical stimulation before and after intermittent dynamic plantarflexor exercise until exhaustion. Results: Peak twitch torque was 32% higher in HRT users than in their non-HRT, genetically identical sisters (P = 0.002), but MVC did not dif…

Aging of the musculoskeletal system: How the loss of estrogen impacts muscle strength.

2019

Skeletal muscle weakness occurs with aging and in females this is compounded by the loss of estrogen with ovarian failure. Estrogen deficiency mediates decrements in muscle strength from both inadequate preservation of skeletal muscle mass and decrements in the quality of the remaining skeletal muscle. Processes and components of skeletal muscle that are affected by estrogens are beginning to be identified. This review focuses on mechanisms that contribute to the loss of muscle force generation when estrogen is low in females, and conversely the maintenance of strength by estrogen. Evidence is accumulating that estrogen deficiency induces apoptosis in skeletal muscle contributing to loss of…

Data from Estrogenic Regulation of Muscle Apoptosis (ERMA) study

2022

The multidisciplinary Estrogenic Regulation of Muscle Apoptosis (ERMA) study was designed to reveal how hormonal differences over the menopausal stages affect the physiological and psychological functioning of middle-aged women. In addition, health behaviour (e.g., physical activity and eating behaviour) and blood-based biomarkers are investigated. Biomarker data includes different omics datasets (e.g. metabolomics, genomics, transcriptomics). The complete data set includes baseline data collection and two different follow-ups. The baseline ERMA study (=parent data) is a population-based cohort study, which forms a parent data set for the follow-up studies (ERMA follow-up and EsmiRs). Data …

Influence of Oral Contraceptive Use on Adaptations to Resistance Training

2019

Introduction: The majority of young women use oral contraceptives (OCs). Use of OCs has been associated with lower myofibrillar protein and tendon collagen synthesis rates, but it is unknown whether OCs will limit the adaptive response of myotendinous tissue to resistance training. Design and Methods: Fourteen healthy untrained young regular OC users (24 +/- 1 years, fat% 32 +/- 1, 35 +/- 2 ml.min(-1).kg(-1)) and 14 NOC users (non-OC, controls) (24 +/- 1 years, fat% 32 +/- 2, 34 +/- 2 ml.min(-1).kg(-1)) performed a 10-week supervised lower extremity progressive resistance training program. Before and after the intervention biopsies from the vastus lateralis muscle and the patellar tendon we…

Single joint exercises do not provide benefits in performance and anthropometric changes in recreational bodybuilders

2020

The purpose of the present study was to compare the changes in anthropometric measures and muscle performance in users and non-users of androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS) performing resistance training (RT) programmes involving only multiple joint (MJ) exercises or a combination of MJ and single joint (SJ) exercises. Thirty recreational bodybuilders were divided into 4 groups: non-AAS users performing only MJ exercises (MJ), non-AAS users performing MJ + SJ (MJ + SJ), AAS users performing only MJ exercises (AAS − MJ) and AAS users performing MJ + SJ exercises (AAS − MJ + SJ). Before and after 8 weeks of training, the participants were tested for 10 repetition maximum (10RM) in different RT …

The effect of obesity combined with low muscle strengthon decline in mobility in older persons - Results from the InCHIANTI Study

2009

Objective: Both obesity and muscle impairment are increasingly prevalent among older persons and negatively affect health and physical functioning. However, the combined effect of coexisting obesity and muscle impairment on physical function decline has been little studied. We examined whether obese persons with low muscle strength experience significantly greater declines in walking speed and mobility than persons with only obesity or low muscle strength. Design: Community-dwelling adults aged ⩾65 years (n=930) living in the Chianti geographic area (Tuscany, Italy) were followed for 6 years in the population-based InCHIANTI study. Measurements: On the basis of baseline measurements (1998–2…

Genetic and environmental contributions to bone structural strength in postmenopausal women

2010

OGT and OGA expression in postmenopausal skeletal muscle associates with hormone replacement therapy and muscle cross-sectional area

2013

Protein glycosylation via O-linked N-acetylglucosaminylation (O-GlcNAcylation) is an important post-translational regulatory mechanism mediated by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and responsive to nutrients and stress. OGT attaches an O-GlcNAc moiety to proteins, while O-GlcNAcase (OGA) catalyzes O-GlcNAc removal. In skeletal muscle of experimental animals, prolonged increase in O-GlcNAcylation associates with age and muscle atrophy. Here we examined the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and power training (PT) on muscle OGT and OGA gene expression in postmenopausal women generally prone to age-related muscle weakness. In addition, the associations of OGT and OGA gene expressions with…

Heritability of maximal isometric muscle strength in older female twins.

2003

The purpose of the present study was to examine genetic and environmental effects on maximal isometric handgrip, knee extension, and ankle plantar flexion strength. In addition, we wanted to investigate whether the strength of these three muscle groups shares a genetic component or whether the genetic effect is specific for each muscle group. Muscle strength was measured as part of the Finnish Twin Study on Aging in 97 monozygotic (MZ) and 102 dizygotic (DZ) female twin pairs, aged 63-76 yr. The MZ and DZ individuals did not differ from each other in age, body height, weight, or self-related health. The age-adjusted pairwise (intraclass) correlations of the MZ and DZ twins were, respective…