Search results for "Mycology"
showing 10 items of 245 documents
Characterization of five fungal endophytes producing Cajaninstilbene acid isolated from pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp].
2011
Five fungal endophytes (K4, K5, K6, K9, K14) producing Cajaninstilbene acid (CSA, 3-hydroxy-4-prenyl-5-methoxystilbene-2-carboxylic acid) were isolated from the roots of pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]. CSA is responsible for the prominent pharmacological activities in pigeon pea. The amount of CSA in culture solution varied among the five fungal endophytes. K4 produced the highest levels of CSA (1037.13 µg/L) among the endophytes tested after incubation for five days. Both morphological characteristics and molecular methods were used for species identification of fungal endophytes. The five endophytic isolates were characterized by analyzing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rR…
Colonization of tomato root by pathogenic and nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum strains inoculated together and separately into the soil.
2006
ABSTRACT In soil, fungal colonization of plant roots has been traditionally studied by indirect methods such as microbial isolation that do not enable direct observation of infection sites or of interactions between fungal pathogens and their antagonists. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to visualize the colonization of tomato roots in heat-treated soil and to observe the interactions between a nonpathogenic strain, Fo47, and a pathogenic strain, Fol8, inoculated onto tomato roots in soil. When inoculated separately, both fungi colonized the entire root surface, with the exception of the apical zone. When both strains were introduced together, they both colonized the root surface…
Identification of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soil and roots of plant colonizing zinc wastes in southern Poland
2001
Molecular Characterization of New Natural Hybrids of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and S. kudriavzevii in Brewing▿ †
2008
ABSTRACT We analyzed 24 beer strains from different origins by using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of different gene regions, and six new Saccharomyces cerevisiae × Saccharomyces kudriavzevii hybrid strains were found. This is the first time that the presence in brewing of this new type of hybrid has been demonstrated. From the comparative molecular analysis of these natural hybrids with respect to those described in wines, it can be concluded that these originated from at least two hybridization events and that some brewing hybrids share a common origin with wine hybrids. Finally, a reduction of the S. kudriavzevii fraction of the hybrid genomes was observed, but th…
The impact of arthropods on fungal community structure in Lascaux Cave
2009
Aims: To determine the major components of the fungal population present in Lascaux Cave, France. The ceiling, walls, sediments and soil were colonized by Fusarium solani in 2001 and later, in 2006, black stains appeared. However, the origin of the successive fungal invasions is unknown as well as the ecology of the cave. Methods and Results: The primers nu-SSU-0817F and nu-SSU-1536R were used for the direct amplification of fungal 18S-rDNA sequences from 11 samples. A total of 607 clones were retrieved. Eight out of the ten most abundant phylotypes corresponded to fungi associated with arthropods and represented about 50% of the clones. Conclusions: Entomophilous fungi play an important ro…
Paradiplozoon iraqensis n. sp. (Monogenea: Diplozoinae) from Cyprinion macrostomum (Cyprinidae) in the Tigris River, Iraq
2015
A new species of monogenean diplozoid, Paradiplozoon iraqensis n. sp., from the gills of Cyprinion macrostomum Heckel from the Tigris River in Tikrit, Iraq is described. P. iraqensis n. sp. is distinguished from other species of the genus by the size of plicae on the fore- and hind body, the number of the branches of the intestinal caecum in fore body, intestinal caecum not extending to haptor, the size of the clamps and the morphology of the clamp sclerites, and by the length of the central hooks. Details of the shape and size of eggs, and of the reproductive system and prohaptoral region are provided. The present study raises the number of species of Paradiplozoon recorded in Iraq to 15.
Diagnostic accuracy of the light microscope method to detect the eggs of Cardicola spp. in the gill filaments of the bluefin tuna.
2017
Trematode blood flukes of the genus Cardicola are potentially lethal in bluefin tuna cultures. The present study proposed a new method to detect aporocotylid eggs in tuna gills. Aporocotylid eggs were detected by analysing a pair of gill filaments of five transversal areas of the eight holobranches of one hundred Atlantic bluefin tuna and observed with glycerol and a stereomicroscope with an oblique brightfield. Data were gathered according to holobranches, transversal areas and their combination. Eggs were uniformly distributed among the holobranches, but they had the highest prevalence in the second and fifth transversal areas, which is controversial with respect to previous studies of eg…
Considerations on the taxonomy and morphology of Microcotyle spp.: redescription of M. erythrini van Beneden & Hesse, 1863 (sensu stricto) (Monog…
2020
AbstractBackgroundMicrocotyle erythrinivan Beneden & Hesse, 1863 (Platyhelminthes: Monogenea) and other closely related species of the genus are often considered as cryptic. Records in hosts other than the type-host with no species confirmation by molecular analyses have contributed to this situation.MethodsGill parasites of five sparid fishes,Boops boops(L.),Pagellus erythrinus(L.),P. acarne(Risso), Dentex dentex(L.) andPagrus pagrus(L.), from the Western Mediterranean off Spain were collected. Specimens ofMicrocotylespp. were characterised both molecularly and morphologically. Partial fragments (domains D1-D3) of the28SrRNA gene and the cytochromecoxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene were am…
Base composition of DNA from glomalean fungi: high amounts of methylated cytosine.
1997
Glomales (Zygomycetes) are obligate fungal symbionts of roots of land plants and form arbuscular mycorrhiza. Sporal DNA of 10 isolates belonging to nine species was purified and the base composition was determined by RP-HPLC. Base composition fell in a narrow range between 30 and 35% G + C. A high amount of methylated cytosine (mC) accounting for 2-4% of the total nucleotides was found in all taxa. The DNA melting profile was defined for Scutellospora castanea. It corresponded to 32% G + C, and the shape of the denaturation curve suggested a heterogeneity in the GC content within the fungal genome. Knowledge of GC contents and variations between taxa are essential for evaluating nuclear DNA…