Search results for "Mycology"
showing 10 items of 245 documents
Fungal Diversity in the Mediterranean Area
2020
Fungi are a group of organisms with a high level of diversity. Macrofungi have long been considered as food for humans, but after the Rio de Janeiro Convention in 1992, they were recognized as playing a key role in maintaining the balance of ecosystems. In addition to the socioeconomic aspects and their commercial exploitation, the conservation of fungal biodiversity is now fundamental in view of their medicinal properties and biological peculiarities. This review aims to provide the most comprehensive overview of the presence of these organisms in the Mediterranean area and includes the most recent investigation in forestry, biological control, molecular phylogeny, biogeography, speciation…
Local names for common wild edible mushrooms growing in Europe, North Africa and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
2015
Mushroom hunters in rural areas call and identify wild edible mushrooms on the basis of their local or common names. Local names of mushrooms are also widely used in folk medicine and particularly in shamanic and religious rituals. Linking of local names with their respective scientific names is of fundamental importance for the exploitation of their market potential and for prevention of poisoning. We present a list of common names given to 45 wild edible mushroom taxa (28 basidiomycetes and 17 ascomycetes) occurring in Austria, the Czech Republic, France, Greece, Italy, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Morocco, Romania, Serbia, and Spain. The selected taxa are Agaricus campestris., A. crocodi…
First morphogenetic analysis of parasite eggs from Schistosomiasis haematobium infected sub-Saharan migrants in Spain and proposal for a new standard…
2021
International audience; Schistosomiasis is a Neglected Tropical Disease caused by trematode species of the genus Schistosoma. Both, autochthonous and imported cases of urogenital schistosomiasis have been described in Europe. The present study focuses on eggs, considered pure S. haematobium by genetic characterisation (intergenic ITS region of the rDNA and cox1 mtDNA). A phenotypic characterisation of S. haematobium eggs was made by morphometric comparison with experimental populations of S. bovis and S. mansoni, to help in the diagnosis of S. haematobium populations infecting sub-Saharan migrants in Spain. Analyses were made by Computer Image Analysis System (CIAS) applied on the basis of …
From attachment to damage: defined genes of Candida albicans mediate adhesion, invasion and damage during interaction with oral epithelial cells.
2010
Candida albicans frequently causes superficial infections by invading and damaging epithelial cells, but may also cause systemic infections by penetrating through epithelial barriers. C. albicans is an unusual pathogen because it can invade epithelial cells via two distinct mechanisms: induced endocytosis, analogous to facultative intracellular enteropathogenic bacteria, and active penetration, similar to plant pathogenic fungi. Here we investigated the molecular basis of C. albicans epithelial interactions. By systematically assessing the contributions of defined fungal pathways and factors to different stages of epithelial interactions, we provide an expansive portrait of the processes an…
Ecological, morphological and genetic characterization of sympatric Haemonchus spp. parasites of domestic ruminants in Mauritania
1995
SUMMARYThe 4 species of ruminants (dromedary, zebu cattle, sheep and goat) in arid areas of Mauritania harboured Haemonchus spp. as the most frequent internal parasite. This was a rare situation where the 3 putative species, H. longistipes (dromedary), H. placet (zebu cattle) and H. contortus (sheep and goat) occurred sympatrically. The study was undertaken on hosts slaughtered at the Nouakchott abattoir, on the basis of monthly collection of worms. The environment was very unfavourable to H. placei and unfavourable to H. contortus, as intensity of infection remained low throughout the year, whereas infection in the dromedary was 10 to 20-fold higher. The survival strategies during the long…
Evidence for Transmission of Taenia solium Taeniasis/Cysticercosis in a Rural Area of Northern Rwanda
2021
Cysticercosis is a parasitic infection caused by the metacestode larval stage (cysticercus) of Taenia solium. In humans, cysticercosis may infect the central nervous system and cause neurocysticercosis, which is responsible for over 50,000 deaths per year worldwide and is the major cause of preventable epilepsy cases, especially in low-income countries. Cysticercosis infection is endemic in many less developed countries where poor hygiene conditions and free-range pig management favor their transmission. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 680 children from a rural primary school in Gakenke district (Northern province of Rwanda). Stool samples were collected from participants and analy…
Botānikas katedras mācību preparāti
2020
Latvijas Universitātes Muzeja Botānikas un mikoloģijas kolekcijās glabājas vēl Rīgas Politehniskā institūta (1896—1918) mācību preparāti, kas vēlākos gados ir izmantoti LU Botānikas katedrā. Raksts iepazīstina ar mikrosēņu mācību preparātiem un mikologa Jūlija Smaroda (1884 – 1956) “Latvijas sēņu eksikāts” (Fungi latvici exiccati) kolekcijām.
Significance of the physiological state of fungal spores.
2008
In predictive mycology, most of the studies have been concerned with the influence of some environmental factors on fungal growth and production of mycotoxins, at steady-state. However, fluctuating conditions, interactions between organisms, and the physiological state of the organisms may also exert a profound influence on fungal responses in food and in the environment. In the laboratory, fungal spores are widely used as a biological material. They are produced under optimal conditions then, partially re-hydrated for obtaining standardized spore suspensions. In real conditions, spores are produced under suboptimal conditions and can be submitted to various stresses prior to their germinat…
Biodiversity and characterization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi at the molecular level
1994
Biodiversity within a biological group provides the basis for distinguishing members into genera and species according to taxonomic criteria, and between individuals within a species depending on more detailed differences at the genetic level. Diversity between species occurs after a genetic barrier has been created either by a geographic or genetic impedance of gene flow. Divergence can continue by nucleotide substitutions and by mutations in a broader sense (deletions, translocations, duplications), and resulting diversity can be evaluated at the molecular level and used as a phylogenetic character. Diversity at the subspecies level is a function of both mutation rates and gene flow betwe…
Expression profiling of up-regulated plant and fungal genes in early and late stages of Medicago truncatula - Glomus mosseae interactions
2004
International audience