Search results for "N compounds"

showing 10 items of 203 documents

Controlling the Formation of Sodium/Black Phosphorus IntercalationCompounds Towards High Sodium Content

2021

The solid-state synthesis of pure sodium-black phosphorus intercalation compounds (Na-BPICs) has been optimized in bulk for two stoichiometric ratios. Specifically, in-situ X-Ray diffraction (XRD) allowed the precise identification of the optimal temperature range for the formation of Na-BPICs: 94°C–96°C. Moreover, as the undesired formation of Na3P takes place at this very same range, we succeeded in introducing a new synthetic route based on a fast-thermal ball milling implementation that results in the bulk production of BPIC without Na3P in 9 out of 10 cases. Finally, by combining XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and DFT calculations we developed a new structural model for Na-based BPICs showin…

DiffractionMaterials scienceSodiumIntercalation (chemistry)Energy Engineering and Power Technologychemistry.chemical_element02 engineering and technologyblack phosphorusDFT calculations01 natural sciencessymbols.namesakeElectrochemistryintercalation compoundsElectrical and Electronic EngineeringsodiumBall mill010405 organic chemistryAtmospheric temperature range021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyX-ray diffraction0104 chemical scienceschemistryChemical engineeringX-ray crystallographysymbols0210 nano-technologyRaman spectroscopyStoichiometryddc:547Batteries & Supercaps
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High-pressure theoretical and experimental study of HgWO4

2011

HgWO 4 at ambient pressure is characterized using a combination of ab initio calculations, X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering measurements. The effect of low pressure and temperature on the structural stability is analysed. Extending our ab initio study to the range of higher pressures, a sequence of stable phases up to 30GPa is proposed. © 2011 Taylor & Francis.

DiffractionRaman scatteringLow pressuresX ray diffractionAb initioExperimental studiesPressure effectsMolecular physicsStable phasisScatteringCondensed Matter::Materials Sciencesymbols.namesakeAb initio quantum chemistry methodsX raysScatteringChemistryRaman Scattering measurementsTungstatesCondensed Matter PhysicsX-ray diffractionAmbient pressuresAb initio studyStructural stabilityPhase transitionsFISICA APLICADAX-ray crystallographysymbolsStructural stabilitiesTungsten compoundsAb initio calculationsCalculationsDiffractionStabilityRaman scatteringAmbient pressure
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Operational modes of a ferroelectric LCoS modulator for displaying binary polarization, amplitude, and phase diffraction gratings

2009

We analyze the performance of a ferroelectric liquid crystal on silicon display (FLCoS) as a binary polarization diffraction grating. We analyze the correspondence between the two polarization states emerging from the displayed grating and the polarization and intensity of the diffracted orders generated at the Fourier diffraction plane. This polarization-diffraction analysis leads, in a simple manner, to configurations yielding binary amplitude or binary phase modulation by incorporating an analyzer on the reflected beam. Based on this analysis, we present two useful variations of the polarization configuration. The first is a simplification using a single polarizer, which provides equival…

DiffractionSiliconMaterials scienceOptical Phenomenabusiness.industryMaterials Science (miscellaneous)Optical DevicesPhysics::OpticsAcousto-opticsGratingPolarizerDiffraction efficiencyIndustrial and Manufacturing EngineeringLiquid Crystalslaw.inventionUltrasonic gratingOpticslawBlazed gratingBusiness and International ManagementbusinessDiffraction gratingIron CompoundsApplied Optics
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Self-cleaning antimicrobial surfaces by bio-enabled growth of SnO2 coatings on glass.

2013

Conventional vapor-deposition techniques for coatings require sophisticated equipment and/or high-temperature resistant substrates. Therefore bio-inspired techniques for the fabrication of inorganic coatings have been developed in recent years. Inspired by the biology behind the formation of the intricate skeletons of diatoms orchestrated by a class of cationic polyamines (silaffins) we have used surface-bound spermine, a naturally occurring polyamine, to promote the fast deposition of homogeneous, thin and transparent biomimetic SnO2 coatings on glass surfaces. The bio-enabled SnO2 film is highly photoactive, i.e. it generates superoxide radicals (O2˙(-)) upon sunlight exposure resulting i…

FabricationMaterials sciencePhotolysisRhodaminesSurface PropertiesCationic polymerizationTin CompoundsNanotechnologyengineering.materialAntimicrobiallaw.inventionBiofoulingCoatingCoated Materials BiocompatiblelawBiomimetic MaterialsAmphiphileengineeringDegradation (geology)Organic chemistryGeneral Materials ScienceSpermineGlassCrystallizationCrystallizationNanoscale
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Differences in tissue distribution of iron from various clinically used intravenous iron complexes in fetal avian heart and liver.

2015

Abstract Nanomedicines are more complex than most pharmacologically active substances or medicines and have been considered as non-biological complex drugs. For nanomedicines pivotal pharmacokinetic properties cannot be assessed by plasma concentration data from standard bioequivalence studies. Using intravenous iron complexes (IICs) as model we show that fetal avian tissues can be used to study time dependent tissue concentrations in heart and liver. Clear differences were found between equimolar doses of sucrose, gluconate or carboxymaltose coated iron particles. The range in tissue iron concentrations observed with these clinically widely used IICs provides an orientation as to what shou…

FetusExperimental modelbusiness.industryIronTissue ironAuthorizationIntravenous ironHeartGeneral MedicineBioequivalencePharmacologyToxicologyNanomedicineLiverTherapeutic EquivalencyPharmacokineticsAnimalsDrugs GenericMedicineAdministration IntravenousTissue DistributionTissue distributionbusinessChickensIron CompoundsRegulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology
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18F-labeling of peptides by means of an organosilicon-based fluoride acceptor.

2006

Fluorine-18 is among the most commonly used radionuclides for positron emission tomography (PET). This non-invasive imaging technique is capable of providing in vivo information about the distribution of radiolabeled biomolecules by 1808 coincidence detection of two simultaneously emitted photons from positron–electron annihilation. Although a number of different radiotracers have been successfully employed in PET, only a few, such as 2-[F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) and [F]fluorodopa, have gained widespread application in nuclear medicine. The reason for this is that the regioselective introduction of F into tracer molecules is often non-specific and radiochemical yields (RCY) of the Fl…

Fluorine RadioisotopesAqueous solutionMolecular StructureInorganic chemistrySynthonRadiochemistryRegioselectivityGeneral ChemistryPeptides CyclicCatalysisPeptide FragmentsIsotopic labelingchemistry.chemical_compoundFluorideschemistryModels ChemicalYield (chemistry)Isotope LabelingMoleculeIndicators and ReagentsOrganosilicon CompoundsAcetonitrileOrganosiliconAngewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)
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Basaltic Rocks Analyzed by the Spirit Rover in Gusev Crater

2004

The Spirit landing site in Gusev Crater on Mars contains dark, fine-grained, vesicular rocks interpreted as lavas. Pancam and Mini–Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Mini-TES) spectra suggest that all of these rocks are similar but have variable coatings and dust mantles. Magnified images of brushed and abraded rock surfaces show alteration rinds and veins. Rock interiors contain ≤25% megacrysts. Chemical analyses of rocks by the Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer are consistent with picritic basalts, containing normative olivine, pyroxenes, plagioclase, and accessory FeTi oxides. Mössbauer, Pancam, and Mini-TES spectra confirm the presence of olivine, magnetite, and probably pyroxene. The…

Geologic SedimentsExtraterrestrial EnvironmentMagnesium CompoundsMarsMineralogyPyroxeneengineering.materialFeldsparSpectroscopy MossbauerPlagioclaseComposition of MarsBasaltMineralsgeographyMultidisciplinarygeography.geographical_feature_categoryOlivineSilicatesSpectrum AnalysisWaterOxidesVolcanic rockIgneous rockvisual_artengineeringvisual_art.visual_art_mediumIron CompoundsGeologyScience
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Mineralogy at Gusev Crater from the Mössbauer spectrometer on the Spirit Rover.

2004

Mössbauer spectra measured on Mars by the Spirit rover during the primary mission are characterized by two ferrous iron doublets (olivine and probably pyroxene) and a ferric iron doublet (tentatively associated to nanophase ferric iron oxide). Two sextets resulting from nonstoichiometric magnetite are also present, except for a coating on the rock Mazatzal, where a hematite-like sextet is present. Greater proportions of ferric-bearing phases are associated with undisturbed soils and rock surfaces as compared to fresh rock surfaces exposed by grinding. The ubiquitous presence of olivine in soil suggests that physical rather than chemical weathering processes currently dominate at Gusev crat…

Geologic SedimentsMaterials scienceExtraterrestrial EnvironmentIronMineralogyMagnesium CompoundsMarsWeatheringPyroxeneengineering.materialFerric CompoundsFerrouschemistry.chemical_compoundSpectroscopy MossbauerImpact craterComposition of MarsMagnetiteMineralsMultidisciplinaryOlivineSilicatesOxidesHematiteFerrosoferric Oxidechemistryvisual_artvisual_art.visual_art_mediumengineeringIron CompoundsScience (New York, N.Y.)
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Induction of apoptosis in the blue mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis by tri-n-butyltin chloride

2001

Induction of apoptosis by tri-n-butyltin (TBT) in gill tissue of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis was investigated. The terminal dUTP nick-end labeling technique (TUNEL) was used to detect cells displaying DNA fragmentation within gill structures. Genomic DNA fragmentation was detected as characteristically ladder-like pattern of DNA fragments induced by single injection of different doses of TBT (1-5 microg/g) below the mantle, directly into the pallial fluid, after 24 h of incubation. DNA degradation of higher order DNA structure, as well as reduced G(0)/G(1) cell cycle region (the sub-G(1) region) was detectable after 1.5 h of TBT incubation. Presence of apoptotic cells in mussels' g…

GillsGillanimal structuresDNA damageHealth Toxicology and MutagenesisApoptosisDNA FragmentationAquatic ScienceBiologychemistry.chemical_compoundIn Situ Nick-End LabelingAnimalsTUNEL assayCell CyclefungiMusselAnatomyFlow Cytometrybiology.organism_classificationImmunohistochemistryMolecular biologyMytilusBivalviaElectrophoresis Gel Pulsed-FieldchemistryTributyltinDNA damage; apoptosis; tributyltin; musselDNA fragmentationTrialkyltin CompoundsWater Pollutants ChemicalBlue musselAquatic Toxicology
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Adsorption of the herbicide 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) by goethite.

2014

Interaction between the goethite surface and 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) herbicide was studied using density functional theory (DFT) calculations combined with molecular dynamics (MD). The important step made here lies in the use of a periodic DFT method enabling the study of a mineral surface of different protonation states, in strong contrast with previous molecular modeling studies limited to single protonation state corresponding to the point of zero charge. Different surface OH groups and MCPA proton states were used to mimic the strong effects of pH on the outer- and inner-sphere surface complexes that are theoretically possible, together with their binding energies, an…

GoethiteSurface PropertiesInorganic chemistryProtonationChemical FractionationEnvironmentMolecular Dynamics SimulationMCPAchemistry.chemical_compoundAdsorptionComputational chemistryEnvironmental ChemistryMoleculePoint of zero chargeAcetic AcidMineralsChemistryHerbicidesGeneral ChemistryHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationModels TheoreticalBond lengthvisual_artvisual_art.visual_art_mediumDensity functional theoryAdsorptionIron CompoundsEnvironmental sciencetechnology
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