Search results for "NAPSI"
showing 10 items of 21 documents
Eucynodont teeth from the Late Triassic of Krasiejów, Southern Poland
2021
Recent discoveries of Mammaliamorph teeth in the Keuper of southern Poland have extended the global record of eucynodonts in the Late Triassic and revealed a significant diversity of the group at that time. Here,we expand on this record with the description of new cynodont postcanine teeth from the Krasiejów bone bed. They show the dental morphology typical for Dromatheriidae, with a single root and crown without cingulum. We assigned them to Polonodon woznikensis, described from Woźniki. None of the 38 teeth from Krasiejów and Woźniki exhibit signs of serious wear, potentially indicating a very fast rate of tooth replacement in Polonodon.
Secukinumab efficacy in the treatment of nail psoriasis: a case series
2018
Nail involvement is frequent in patients with psoriasis, especially those with psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and can significantly impair quality of life (QoL). It is typically difficult to treat compared with skin lesions, although several conventional treatment options are available. The aim of this article is to describe our experience in the treatment of nail psoriasis with secukinumab in a case series. Fifteen patients (11 males and 4 females), with moderate-severe plaque psoriasis and nail psoriasis, eligible for systemic therapy, and received secukinumab. The Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) and body surface area (BSA) assessed cutaneous severity. Nail Psoriasis Severity Index (…
Disconnecting bones within the jaw-otic network modules underlies mammalian middle ear evolution
2019
The origin of the mammalian middle ear ossicles from the craniomandibular articulation of their synapsid ancestors is a key event in the evolution of vertebrates. The richness of the fossil record and the multitude of developmental studies have provided a stepwise reconstruction of this evolutionary innovation, highlighting the homology between the quadrate, articular, pre-articular and angular bones of early synapsids with the incus, malleus, gonial and ectotympanic bones of derived mammals, respectively. There are several aspects involved in this functional exaptation: (i) an increase of the masticatory musculature; (ii) the separation of the quadrate bone from the cranium; and (iii) the …
Negatively Charged Gangliosides Promote Membrane Association of Amphipathic Neurotransmitters
2018
Lipophilic neurotransmitters (NTs) such as dopamine are chemical messengers enabling neurotransmission by adhering onto the extracellular surface of the post-synaptic membrane in a synapse, followed by binding to their receptors. Previous studies have shown that the strength of the NT-membrane association is dependent on the lipid composition of the membrane. Negatively charged lipids such as phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidic acid have been indicated to promote NT-membrane binding, however these anionic lipids reside almost exclusively in the intracellular leaflet of the post-synaptic membrane instead of the extracellular leaflet facing the synaptic cleft. Meanwhile…
Cell-to-Cell Communication in Learning and Memory: From Neuro- and Glio-Transmission to Information Exchange Mediated by Extracellular Vesicles
2019
Most aspects of nervous system development and function rely on the continuous crosstalk between neurons and the variegated universe of non-neuronal cells surrounding them. The most extraordinary property of this cellular community is its ability to undergo adaptive modifications in response to environmental cues originating from inside or outside the body. Such ability, known as neuronal plasticity, allows long-lasting modifications of the strength, composition and efficacy of the connections between neurons, which constitutes the biochemical base for learning and memory. Nerve cells communicate with each other through both wiring (synaptic) and volume transmission of signals. It is by now…
Hyperforin Potentiates Antidepressant-Like Activity of Lanicemine in Mice
2018
International audience; N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) modulators induce rapid and sustained antidepressant like-activity in rodents through a molecular mechanism of action that involves the activation of Ca2+ dependent signaling pathways. Moreover, ketamine, a global NMDAR antagonist is a potent, novel, and atypical drug that has been successfully used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD). However, because ketamine evokes unwanted side effects, alternative strategies have been developed for the treatment of depression. The objective of the present study was to determine the antidepressant effects of either a single dose of hyperforin or lanicemine vs. their combined effects in m…
A Perspective : Active Role of Lipids in Neurotransmitter Dynamics
2019
AbstractSynaptic neurotransmission is generally considered as a function of membrane-embedded receptors and ion channels in response to the neurotransmitter (NT) release and binding. This perspective aims to widen the protein-centric view by including another vital component—the synaptic membrane—in the discussion. A vast set of atomistic molecular dynamics simulations and biophysical experiments indicate that NTs are divided into membrane-binding and membrane-nonbinding categories. The binary choice takes place at the water-membrane interface and follows closely the positioning of the receptors’ binding sites in relation to the membrane. Accordingly, when a lipophilic NT is on route to a m…
Expression of synapsin I gene in primary cultures of differentiating rat cortical neurons
1995
Synapsin I is a neuron-specific protein which is present in two isoforms, Ia and Ib. In the last few years this protein has been demonstrated to play a central role in the regulation of neurotransmitter release and synaptic plasticity. In this paper the developmental expression of this protein has been investigated in primary neuronal cultures from fetal rat brain cortices. The presence of thyroid hormone in the culture medium stimulates an early expression of the protein without exerting any effect at the level of mRNA transcription and accumulation. These observations implicate a T3-dependent regulation of this neuron-specific gene at the level of mRNA translation. © 1995 Plenum Publishin…
Cell of origin markers identify different prognostic subgroups of lung adenocarcinoma
2018
Strong prognostic markers able to stratify lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) patients are lacking. We evaluated whether a six-immunohistochemical markers panel (TTF1, SP-A, Napsin A, MUC5AC, CDX2 and CK5), defining the putative neoplastic “cell of origin,” allows to identify prognostic subgroups among lung ADC. We screened a large cohort of ADC specimens (2003–2013) from Torino Institutional Repository identifying: (i) marker positivity by immunohistochemistry, (ii) main morphological appearance by light microscopy, (iii) presence of “hotspot” mutations of candidate genes by Sequenom technology. To evaluate possible predictors of survival and time to recurrence, uni- and multivariable-adjusted comp…
Temporally precise control of single-neuron spiking by juxtacellular nanostimulation
2017
Temporal patterns of action potentials influence a variety of activity-dependent intra- and intercellular processes and play an important role in theories of neural coding. Elucidating the mechanisms underlying these phenomena requires imposing spike trains with precisely defined patterns, but this has been challenging due to the limitations of existing stimulation techniques. Here we present a new nanostimulation method providing control over the action potential output of individual cortical neurons. Spikes are elicited through the juxtacellular application of short-duration fluctuating currents (“kurzpulses”), allowing for the sub-millisecond precise and reproducible induction of arbitr…