Search results for "NB"
showing 10 items of 4401 documents
Androgen metabolism in the skin of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
1993
Pieces of skin of male and female rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were incubated with testosterone and 11-ketotestosterone as substrates. In immature fish the conversion rate was low. In non-spawning adult males 11-ketotestosterone was reduced to 5α-11KDHT (up to 5.2%). In the fish in spawning condition the 5α-reduction rate was only about 1 to 2%. In the same specimens incubated with testosterone a high 11β-hydroxylase activity (23.8-25% in the male and 13% in the female skin) was found. Similar sex specific differences were observed for the occurence of 5α-reduced metabolites (about 20% in the male and 13% in the female tissue).
Co-loading of finasteride and baicalin in phospholipid vesicles tailored for the treatment of hair disorders
2020
[EN] Hair loss affects a large number of people worldwide and it has a negative impact on the quality of life. Despite the availability of different drugs for the treatment of hair disorders, therapeutic options are still limited and scarcely effective. An innovative strategy to improve the efficacy of alopecia treatment is presented in this work. Finasteride, the only oral synthetic drug approved by Unites States Federal Drug Administration, was loaded in phospholipid vesicles. In addition, baicalin was co-loaded as an adjuvant. Their effect on hair growth was evaluatedin vitroandin vivo. Liposomes, hyalurosomes, glycerosomes and glycerol-hyalurosomes were manufactured by using a simple me…
Cytokine expression and antigen-presenting capacity of 4F7 + dendritic cells derived from dermis, spleen, and lymph nodes
1997
We took advantage of the recently generated 4F7 mAb, which recognizes an epitope expressed on dendritic cells (DC) from different tissues, to freshly isolate and positively sort for these cells and to characterize their cytokine pattern and antigen-presenting capacity in comparison with epidermal Langerhans cells (LC). RT-PCR and Northern blot analyses demonstrated constitutive mRNA expression of MIP-1 gamma, MIP-1 alpha, C10, and IL-1 beta in both 4F7+ DC and LC. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment resulted in the upregulation of mRNA expression of all four cytokines and in a newly detected signal for TNF alpha. Immunoblot analysis showed constitutive secretion of MIP-1 gamma, with LPS trea…
Dendritic cell activation by combined exposure to anti-CD40 plus interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-18 efficiently stimulates anti-tumor immunity
2008
Despite as yet limited clinical effectiveness, dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy remains a promising approach for the treatment of cancer, but requires further improvement in its immunostimulatory effectiveness. Potent anti-tumor immunity often depends on the induction of type 1 (T(H)1) immune responses. Therefore, we combined different DC maturation stimuli that are known to induce T(H)1 immunity [anti-CD40, interleukin (IL)-12, IL-18], with the aim to trigger a T(H)1 driven anti-tumor CTL response. When compared with untreated DC or DC treated with anti-CD40 alone, DC matured with anti-CD40 plus IL-12 and IL-18 expressed significantly more IFN-gamma and IL-12, induced enhanced CD8(+…
Metalloprotease meprin beta generates nontoxic N-terminal amyloid precursor protein fragments in vivo.
2011
Identification of physiologically relevant substrates is still the most challenging part in protease research for understanding the biological activity of these enzymes. The zinc-dependent metalloprotease meprin β is known to be expressed in many tissues with functions in health and disease. Here, we demonstrate unique interactions between meprin β and the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Although APP is intensively studied as a ubiquitously expressed cell surface protein, which is involved in Alzheimer disease, its precise physiological role and relevance remain elusive. Based on a novel proteomics technique termed terminal amine isotopic labeling of substrates (TAILS), APP was identified …
Comparison of adjuvant and adjuvant-free murine experimental asthma models
2009
Introduction The most widely used protocol for the induction of experimental allergic airway inflammation in mice involves sensitization by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of the antigen ovalbumin (OVA) used in conjunction with the adjuvant aluminium hydroxide (alum). Although adjuvants are frequently used, there are questions regarding the necessity of alum for murine asthma studies due to the non-physiological nature of this chemical. Objective The objective of this study was to compare experimental asthma phenotypes between adjuvant and adjuvant-free protocols of murine allergic airway inflammation in an attempt to develop a standardized alternative to adjuvant use. Method An adjuvant-…
Induction of Type-Specific Neutralizing Antibodies by Capsomeres of Human Papillomavirus Type 33
2001
Abstract The immunogenicity of capsomeres of human papillomavirus type 33 was evaluated in a dose–response analysis. Capsomeres were obtained free of capsids by expression of L1 carrying the single point mutation C427S. Neutralizing antibodies were detected using an in vitro pseudoinfection assay. Capsomeres induced type-specific, neutralizing antibodies in mice even in the absence of adjuvant. The neutralization titers of immune sera raised without adjuvant were 10- to 20-fold lower than those of antisera to virus-like particles, but virtually identical using Freund's adjuvant. These data indicate that capsomeres may substitute for virus-like particles in future vaccines when used with an …
Host-Derived CD8+ Dendritic Cells Protect Against Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease after Experimental Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation
2014
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a frequent life-threatening complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and induced by donor-derived T cells that become activated by host antigen-presenting cells. To address the relevance of host dendritic cell (DC) populations in this disease, we used mouse strains deficient in CD11c(+) or CD8α(+) DC populations in a model of acute GVHD where bone marrow and T cells from BALB/c donors were transplanted into C57BL/6 hosts. Surprisingly, a strong increase in GVHD-related mortality was observed in the absence of CD11c(+) cells. Likewise, Batf3-deficient (Batf3(-/-)) mice that lack CD8α(+) DCs also displayed a strongly incr…
Dynamics of gut mucosal and systemic Th1/Th2 cytokine responses in interferon-gamma and interleukin-12p40 knock out mice during primary and challenge…
2009
Cryptosporidium parvum is an intracellular parasite causing enteritis which can become life-threatening in the immunocompromised host. CD4+ T cells and interferon (IFN)-gamma play dominant roles in host immune response to infection. However, effector mechanisms that are responsible for recovery from infection are poorly understood. In the present study we analyzed mice deficient in IFN-gamma or interleukin (IL)-12 in parallel to C57BL/6 wild type mice as models for murine cryptosporidiosis. Our results identified IFN-gamma as the key cytokine in the innate as well as adaptive immunity during primary and also challenge C. parvum infection. Furthermore, both Th1 and Th2 cytokines appear to co…
Murine bone marrow-derived mast cells as potent producers of IL-9: costimulatory function of IL-10 and kit ligand in the presence of IL-1.
2000
Abstract Recently, the Th2-type cytokine IL-9 was identified by genetic mapping analyses as a key mediator that determines the susceptibility to asthma. This has been further supported by data from IL-9-transgenic mice in which the overexpression of IL-9 in the lung causes airway inflammation, mast cell hyperplasia, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. In an accompanying paper, we demonstrate that murine bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC) after stimulation with either ionomycin, a combination of ionomycin and IL-1, or via IgE-Ag complexes and IL-1 are very potent producers of IL-9. Herein we show that a dramatic increase of IL-9 production is observed when BMMC activated with ionomycin/IL-…