Search results for "NERVE"

α-Synuclein expression levels do not significantly affect proteasome function and expression in mice and stably transfected PC12 cell lines

2004

α-Synuclein (α-syn) is a small protein of unknown function that is found aggregated in Lewy bodies, the histopathological hallmark of sporadic Parkinson disease and other synucleinopathies. Mutations in the α-syn gene and a triplication of its gene locus have been identified in early onset familial Parkinson disease. α-Syn turnover can be mediated by the proteasome pathway. A survey of published data may lead to the suggestion that overexpression of α-syn wild type, and/or their variants (A53T and A30P), may produce a decrease in proteasome activity and function, contributing to α-syn aggregation. To investigate the relationship between synuclein expression and proteasome function we have s…

D2R striatopallidal neurons inhibit both locomotor and drug reward processes.

2009

The specific functions of dopamine D(2) receptor-positive (D(2)R) striatopallidal neurons remain poorly understood. Using a genetic mouse model, we found that ablation of D(2)R neurons in the entire striatum induced hyperlocomotion, whereas ablation in the ventral striatum increased amphetamine conditioned place preference. Thus D(2)R striatopallidal neurons limit both locomotion and, unexpectedly, drug reinforcement.

Tinnitus e ipertensione neurogena da conflitto neurovascolare: descrizione di un caso

2008

The term neurovascular conflict (NVC) has been introduced to describe the anatomic situation where a nerve makes contact with a blood vessel, artery or vein, at the exit zone from the brain’s trunk. The NVC between the VIII nerve and a blood vessel is clinically associated with tinnitus, vertigo (disabling positional vertigo, DPV), and unilateral sensorineural hearing loss. The blood vessels which most frequently make contact with the VIII nerve are the anterior-inferior cerebellar artery, then the posterior-inferior cerebellar artery and the basilar artery. The authors present an unusual case in which both vertebral arteries (one of which crosses the midline) create a NVC with left acousti…

Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania and hemicrania continua responding to topiramate: Two case reports

2007

Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania (CPH) is a rare primary headache syndrome, which is classified along with cluster headache and short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing as a trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia (TACs). Hemicrania continua (HC) was previously classified as one of the TACs, but in the recent second classification of the International Headache Society this disorder was moved to the group of other primary headaches. Both CPH and HC are characterised by moderate to excruciating pain requiring pharmacological treatment; furthermore, both conditions are characterised by an absolute response to indomethacin, which represents one of the…

Sunct syndrome. Report of a case and treatment update

2015

Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjuntival injection and tearing (SUNCT) is considered a rare trigeminal autonomic cephalgias, a group of primary headache disorders characterized by brief episodes of severe unilateral headache in the distribution territory of the trigeminal nerve, accompanied by prominent ipsilateral and cranial parasympathetic autonomic features. The present report describes a SUNCT syndrome in a 64-year-old male who had been diagnosed with trigeminal neuralgia several years ago. The patient reported stabbing pain in the orbital zone and in the left upper maxillary region, of great intensity, brief duration, and a frequency of 20-100 attacks a …

141. Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the facial nerve in acute isolated peripheral facial palsy

2009

Transcriptional Mechanisms of Proneural Factors and REST in Regulating Neuronal Reprogramming of Astrocytes

2015

Summary Direct lineage reprogramming induces dramatic shifts in cellular identity, employing poorly understood mechanisms. Recently, we demonstrated that expression of Neurog2 or Ascl1 in postnatal mouse astrocytes generates glutamatergic or GABAergic neurons. Here, we take advantage of this model to study dynamics of neuronal cell fate acquisition at the transcriptional level. We found that Neurog2 and Ascl1 rapidly elicited distinct neurogenic programs with only a small subset of shared target genes. Within this subset, only NeuroD4 could by itself induce neuronal reprogramming in both mouse and human astrocytes, while co-expression with Insm1 was required for glutamatergic maturation. Cu…

The relative role of the T-domain and flanking sequences for developmental control and transcriptional regulation in protein chimeras of Drosophila O…

2004

optomotor-blind (omb) and optomotor-blind related-1 (org-1) encode T-domain DNA binding proteins in Drosophila. Members of this family of transcription factors play widely varying roles during early development and organogenesis in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Functional specificity differs in spite of similar DNA binding preferences of all family members. Using a series of domain swap chimeras, in which different parts of OMB and ORG-1 were mutually exchanged, we investigated the relevance of individual domains in vitro and in vivo. In cell culture transfection assays, ORG-1 was a strong transcriptional activator, whereas OMB appeared neutral. The main transcriptional activation fun…

Nerve growth factor and epidermal growth factor stimulate clusterin gene expression in PC12 cells

1999

Clusterin (apolipoprotein J) is an extracellular glycoprotein that might exert functions in development, cell death and lipid transport. Clusterin gene expression is elevated at sites of tissue remodelling, such as differentiation and apoptosis; however, the signals responsible for this regulation have not been identified. We use here the clusterin gene as a model system to examine expression in PC12 cells under the control of differentiation and proliferation signals produced by nerve growth factor (NGF) and by epidermal growth factor (EGF) respectively. NGF induced clusterin mRNA, which preceded neurite outgrowth typical of neuronal differentiation. EGF also activated the clusterin mRNA, …

Impairing Otp homeodomain function in oral ectoderm cells affects skeletogenesis in sea urchin embryos

2003

AbstractIn the sea urchin embryo skeletogenesis is the result of a complex series of molecular and cellular events that coordinate the morphogenetic process. Past and recent evidence strongly indicate that skeletal initiation and growth are strictly dependent on signals emanating from the oral ectodermal wall. As previously suggested, Orthopedia (Otp), a homeodomain-containing transcription factor specifically expressed in a small subset of oral ectoderm cells, might be implicated in this signalling pathway. In this study, we utilize three different strategies to address the issue of whether Otp is an upstream regulator of sketelogenesis. We describe the effects of microinjection of Otp mor…