Search results for "NETWORKS"

Long-Term Behavioral Programming Induced by Peripuberty Stress in Rats Is Accompanied by GABAergic-Related Alterations in the Amygdala

2014

Stress during childhood and adolescence is a risk factor for psychopathology. Alterations in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, have been found following stress exposure and fear experiences and are often implicated in anxiety and mood disorders. Abnormal amygdala functioning has also been detected following stress exposure and is also implicated in anxiety and social disorders. However, the amygdala is not a unitary structure; it includes several nuclei with different functions and little is known on the potential differences the impact of early life stress may have on this system within different amygdaloid nuclei. We aimed here to evaluate pote…

Rapid adaptation of signaling networks in the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae

2019

Abstract Background One fundamental question in biology is how the evolution of eukaryotic signaling networks has taken place. “Loss of function” (lof) mutants from components of the high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) signaling pathway in the filamentous fungus Magnaporthe oryzae are viable, but impaired in osmoregulation. Results After long-term cultivation upon high osmolarity, stable individuals with reestablished osmoregulation capacity arise independently from each of the mutants with inactivated HOG pathway. This phenomenon is extremely reproducible and occurs only in osmosensitive mutants related to the HOG pathway – not in other osmosensitive Magnaporthe mutants. The major compatible so…

Anaerobic central metabolic pathways active during polyhydroxyalkanoate production in uncultured cluster 1Defluviicoccusenriched in activated sludge …

2009

A glycogen nonpolyphosphate-accumulating organism (GAO) enrichment culture dominated by the Alphaproteobacteria cluster 1 Defluviicoccus was investigated to determine the metabolic pathways involved in the anaerobic formation of polyhydroxyalkanoates, carbon storage polymers important for the proliferation of microorganisms in enhanced biological phosphorus removal processes. FISH-microautoradiography and post-FISH fluorescent chemical staining confirmed acetate assimilation as polyhydroxyalkanoates in cluster 1 Defluviicoccus under anaerobic conditions. Chemical inhibition of glycolysis using iodoacetate, and of isocitrate lyase by 3-nitropropionate and itaconate, indicated that carbon is …

ARQ Aware Scheduling for the IEEE 802.16 Base Station

2008

The IEEE 802.16 technology defines the ARQ mechanism that enables a connection to resend data at the MAC level if an error is detected. In this paper, we analyze the ARQ aware scheduling for the 802.16 base station. In particular, we consider how the BS scheduler can account for the ARQ block size, absence of the ARQ block rearrangement, and the ARQ transmission window. We propose a set of constraints that can be applied to any base station scheduler algorithm. To test them, we run a number of simulation scenarios. The simulations results confirm that the ARQ aware scheduling can improve the overall performance.

Performance analysis of the ieee 802.16 arq mechanism

2007

The IEEE 802.16 technology defines the ARQ mechanism that enables a connection to resend data at the MAC level if an error is detected. In this paper, we analyze the key features and parameters of the 802.16 ARQ mechanism. In particular, we consider a choice for the ARQ feedback type, an algorithm to build block sequences, a scheduling of the ARQ feedbacks and retransmissions, the ARQ block rearrangement, ARQ transmission window and ARQ block size. We run a number of simulation scenarios to study these parameters and how they impact a performance of application protocols. The simulation results reveal that the ARQ mechanism and its correct configuration play an important role in transmittin…

On ARQ feedback intensity of the IEEE 802.16 ARQ mechanism

2008

The IEEE 802.16 standard defines the ARQ mechanism as a part of the MAC layer. The functioning of the ARQ mechanism depends on a number of parameters. The IEEE 802.16 specification defines them but it does not provide concrete values and solutions. We ran simulation scenarios to study how the ARQ feedback intensity impacts the performance of application protocols. The simulation results reveal that a low ARQ feedback intensity results only in a marginal improvement. Though it is possible to optimize the ARQ feedback intensity, it is reasonable to rely upon more frequent ARQ feedback messages as they do not result in a performance degradation. At the same time, ARQ connections, which work on…

La Polity Reticolare. Analisi e critica della governance come teoria

2011

Filtering Real World Networks: A Correlation Analysis of Statistical Backbone Techniques

2023

Networks are an invaluable tool for representing and understanding complex systems. They offer a wide range of applications, including identifying crucial nodes, uncovering communities, and exploring network formation. However, when dealing with large networks, the computational challenge can be overwhelming. Fortunately, researchers have developed several techniques to address this issue by reducing network size while preserving its fundamental properties [1-9]. To achieve this goal, two main approaches have emerged: structural and statistical methods. Structural methods aim to keep a set of topological features of the network while reducing its size. In contrast, statistical methods elimi…

NetBone: A Python Package for Extracting Backbones of Weighted Networks

2023

NetBone is a new open-source Python package designed to simplify analyzing complex networks. With a wide range of techniques available, Net-Bone allows researchers to extract the backbone of a network while preserving its essential structure. The package includes nine structural methods and five statistical techniques, offering users a comprehensive solution to network analysis. It is user-friendly and straightforward to use, with easy installation. The package accepts different types of inputs, including data frames or Networkx graphs, and provides evaluation measures for comparative purposes. Additionally, NetBone offers an option to generate plots. Its versatility makes it a valuable too…

Bridging landscape graphs and genetic graphs for analysing habitat ecological connectivity

2021

Several key ecological processes for maintaining biodiversity rely upon the ecological connectivity of habitat. Accordingly, connectivity modelling methods have been developed for understanding precisely the influence of connectivity and deriving sound biodiversity conservation measures. Among them, landscape graphs represent habitat networks as sets of habitat patches (nodes) connected by potential dispersal paths (links). Yet, the ecological relevance of these tools required validation from biological data reflecting closely the influence of habitat connectivity. Genetic data allow for such validation as population genetic structure partly depends on dispersal-driven gene flow between hab…