Search results for "NEUROPLASTIC"

Three Effective Ways to Nurture Our Brain

2017

Abstract. A growing body of research suggests that physical activity, healthy eating, and music can, either directly or indirectly, have positive effects on our brain and cognition. More specifically, exercising and eating seem to enhance cognitive abilities, such as memory, creativity, and perception. They also improve academic performance and play a protective role from many degenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease. Concerning music, research has shown that there exists a general positive relation between music aptitude and cognitive functioning. Furthermore, the presence of music seems to create a positive mood and a higher arousal, which translates into better performance i…

Tinnitus: a vision for research

2009

Tinnitus is classically defined as the perception of sound that has no external source. It was assumed to be primarily a disorder of the ear and has been linked to mechanisms equivalent to phantom pain; a pain sensation located to a no longer existing part of the body. Phantom pain is closely correlated with a cortical plasticity and with a reorganization of the somatosensory cortex. The end result is an alteration of neuronal activity, leading to tinnitus. Over the past decade, however, research on brain mechanisms of tinnitus has progressed rapidly, and insights have emerged into the possible neurological origins of tinnitus without any auditory dysfunction. Identification of the neurosci…

TERMODINAMICA, CAMPI QUANTICI E FUNZIONI MENTALI

2010

Nel tentativo di fornire spiegazioni esaurienti sul fenomeno della mente umana, il presente saggio scientifico di anatomia comparata e di fisiologia considera alcune tesi di fondo che si collegano a nuovi parametri fisici della realtà che ci circonda.

Zum Wandel motorischer Einheiten bei Änderung des Aktivitätsmusters durch elektrische Reizung - Elektrostimulation und ihre klinischen Einsatzmöglich…

1989

Motoneuron and muscle fibers interact on the motor unit level, whereby discharge characteristics from the neuron imposed on the muscle seem to play a major role. Within the unit all muscle fibers are biochemically homogeneous and display a high degree of plasticity under different functional demands. To distinguish the existing different units rationals are listed that classify the units by physiological and histochemical parameters. Furthermore the review summarizes the available knowledge on the importance of activity patterns--as a biological principle--involved in the control of phenotypic expression of innervated and denervated muscle. The sequelae are shown of electrical stimulation o…

RETA A TU MENTE, DESAFÍA A TU CEREBRO: COMPLEJIDAD AMBIENTAL Y SALUD CEREBRAL

2016

Abstract.According to the World Health Organization, it is estimated that more than 30 million people suffer from Alzheimer’s disease in the world. Currently, there is great interest in developing strategies to counteract the cognitive decline that accompanies aging and, to a greater extent, neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of the current study is to analyze the experimental evidence supporting the hypothesis that interventions based on novelty and complexity are more effective in order to achieve successful aging. In animal models it has shown that enriched environments and performing voluntary exercise can improve performance in learning and memory tasks, decrease anxiety response and …

Distribution of PSA-NCAM expression in the amygdala of the adult rat.

2002

Synaptic plasticity in the amygdala appears to be necessary for the generation of emotional memories. However, the molecular bases of this plasticity are not fully understood. Because the polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) has been implicated in memory consolidation in the hippocampus and temporal cortex, we have studied in detail the expression of this molecule in the adult rat amygdala with an antibody against PSA-NCAM. Our results demonstrate for the first time the presence of PSA-NCAM in the adult rat amygdala. Immunoreactive somata and processes are abundant in the amygdalo-hippocampal transition area, central nucleus, intra-amygdaloid bed nucleus of th…

2019

Today, several pharmaceutic and non-pharmaceutic approaches exist to treat psychiatric and neurological diseases. Because of the lack of treatment procedures that are medication free and without severe side effects, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and aerobic exercise (AE) have been tested to explore the potential for initiating and modulating neuroplasticity in the human brain. Both tDCS and AE could support cognition and behavior in the clinical and non-clinical context to improve the recovery process within neurological or psychiatric conditions or to increase performance. As these techniques still lack meaningful effects, although they provide multiple beneficial opportun…

Cajal–Retzius and Subplate Cells

2013

The laminar and columnar organization of the mature cerebral cortex is determined by a variety of early developmental processes. Two distinct populations of early generated preplate neurons play key roles in corticogenesis. Cajal–Retzius neurons, located in the marginal zone (later layer I), control the formation of neocortical layers by releasing the extracellular matrix protein reelin, which serves as a guiding signal for migrating neurons. Subplate neurons in the lower neocortical layer play an active role in transient synaptic circuits and influence early cortical plasticity and the maturation of the columnar architecture. Both neuronal cell populations serve as transient synaptic targe…

Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Fields Do Not Affect LTP-Like Plasticity in Healthy Humans.

2020

Introduction: Several studies explored, in vitro, the biological effects of extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) and reported the induction of functional changes in neuronal activity. In particular, ELF-MFs can influence synaptic plasticity both in-vitro and in animal models. Indeed, some studies reported an increase in long-term potentiation (LTP) whereas others suggested its reduction. However, no specific study has investigated such effect in humans. Aims: To evaluate whether ELF-MFs affect the propensity of the human cortex to undergo LTP-like plasticity. Methods: We designed a randomized, single-blind, sham-controlled, cross-over study on 10 healthy subjects. Cortical plas…

El papel del ejercicio físico en la inducción de BDNF y sus vías de señalización en el sistema nervioso central. Aplicación neurobiológica en modelos…

2014

La actividad física previene numerosas patologías y mejora muchos rasgos fisiopatológicos en diferentes enfermedades. El ejercicio ha sido asociado clásicamente con beneficios en desórdenes musculares y metabólicos. Sin embargo, los efectos del ejercicio en la función cerebral, especialidad conocida como “Neurobiología del ejercicio”, han cobrado gran importancia en los últimos años. Los efectos beneficiosos del ejercicio físico han sido establecidos en muchas enfermedades tales como la enfermedad de Alzheimer, el Parkinson, la esclerosis lateral amiotrófica, la esquizofrenia, el trastorno bipolar y los trastornos depresivos, entre otros. Estos hallazgos han llevado a utilizar el ejercicio …