Search results for "NSC"
showing 10 items of 5810 documents
Immuno-targeted combinations in oncogene-addicted non-small cell lung cancer
2018
The identification of tumor “oncogenic drivers” and the subsequent development of targeted therapy represented a milestone in the treatment of lung cancer over the last years. Tumor genotyping has been incorporated into therapeutic decision making of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) since has become clear that individuals with actionable molecular alterations receiving a matched targeted agent certainly live longer and better. The recent understanding of biological mechanisms underlying cancer immune evasion has allowed the development of a new class of immunomodulatory agents which are able to reactivate host immune-response, offering the potential for long-term disease control …
The Role of Molecular Profiling to Predict the Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Lung Cancer.
2019
Immune checkpoint inhibitors radically changed the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, only one-quarter of patients benefit from these new therapies when used as monotherapy. The assessment of Program Death Ligand-1 (PD-L1) tumor expression by immunohistochemistry is used to select potential responder patients, but this not an optimal marker since it does not predict the absence of anti PD-1 efficacy. Despite this shortcoming, PD-L1 remains the gold standard biomarker in many studies and the only biomarker available for clinicians. In addition to histological markers, transcriptomic and exome analyses have revealed potential biomarkers requiring further c…
Immune checkpoint inhibitors in lung cancer: the holy grail has not yet been found…
2017
Lung cancer is rich in molecular complexities and driven by different abnormal molecular pathways. Personalised medicine has begun to bring new hope for the treatment of patients with lung cancer, especially non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The development of molecularly targeted therapy (small molecules and monoclonal antibodies) has significantly improved outcomes in the metastatic setting for patients with NSCLC whose tumours harbour activated oncogenes such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and translocated genes like anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). In addition, immune checkpoint inhibitors have also dramatically changed the therapeutic landscape of NSCLC. In particular, m…
Anti-angiogenic drugs for second-line treatment of NSCLC patients: just new pawns on the chessboard?
2016
Tumor angiogenesis is one of the main pathways targeted to treat cancer. Bevacizumab added survival benefit when combined with platinum-based chemotherapy in NSCLC. Recently, Phase III trials showed survival benefit when anti-angiogenic drugs are added to docetaxel as second-line treatment for NSCLC. These anti-angiogenic agents include nintedanib and ramucirumab, a tyrosine-kinase inhibitor and a monoclonal antibody, respectively, which target receptors involved in angiogenesis. These studies have some similarities and differences. We propose a new algorithm for treatment sequences in performance status 0-1 patients with non-oncogene-addicted NSCLC type adenocarcinoma. Indeed clearer scien…
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Lung Cancer: Mechanisms and Molecular Targets
2019
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common idiopathic interstitial pulmonary disease with a median survival of 2–4 years after diagnosis. A significant number of IPF patients have risk factors, such as a history of smoking or concomitant emphysema, both of which can predispose the patient to lung cancer (LC) (mostly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)). In fact, IPF itself increases the risk of LC development by 7% to 20%. In this regard, there are multiple common genetic, molecular, and cellular processes that connect lung fibrosis with LC, such as myofibroblast/mesenchymal transition, myofibroblast activation and uncontrolled proliferation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, alterat…
Clinical utility of plasma-based digital next-generation sequencing in oncogene-driven non-small-cell lung cancer patients with tyrosine kinase inhib…
2019
[Objectives] Resistance to tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is a clinical challenge in patients with oncogene-driven non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLC). We have analyzed the utility of next-generation sequencing (NGS) of cell-free circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) to impact the clinical care of patients with TKI resistance.
Comprehensive cross-platform comparison of methods for non-invasive EGFR mutation testing : results of the RING observational trial
2020
Plasma samples from 72 EGFR‐mutant advanced NSCLC patients, collected upon progression to first‐line TKI, were analyzed by seven methodologies (two NGS‐based methods, three high‐sensitivity PCR‐based platforms, and two FDA‐approved methods). Our study demonstrates a good to excellent agreement between methodologies and supports the use of liquid biopsies for therapy decision‐making.
Genomic profiling in advanced stage non-small-cell lung cancer patients with platinum-based chemotherapy identifies germline variants with prognostic…
2017
Abstract Objective The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between germline variations as a prognosis biomarker in patients with advanced Non-Small-Cell-Lung-Cancer (NSCLC) subjected to first-line platinum-based treatment. Materials and Methods We carried out a two-stage genome-wide-association study in non-small-cell lung cancer patients with platinum-based chemotherapy in an exploratory sample of 181 NSCLC patients from Caucasian origin, followed by a validation on 356 NSCLC patients from the same ancestry (Valencia, Spain). Results We identified germline variants in SMYD2 as a prognostic factor for survival in patients with advanced NSCLC receiving chemotherapy. SMYD2 al…
Diagnostic, prognostic and predictive value of cell-free miRNAs in prostate cancer: a systematic review
2016
Prostate cancer, the second most frequently diagnosed cancer in males worldwide, is estimated to be diagnosed in 1.1 million men per year. Introduction of PSA testing substantially improved early detection of prostate cancer, however it also led to overdiagnosis and subsequent overtreatment of patients with an indolent disease. Treatment outcome and management of prostate cancer could be improved by the development of non-invasive biomarker assays that aid in increasing the sensitivity and specificity of prostate cancer screening, help to distinguish aggressive from indolent disease and guide therapeutic decisions. Prostate cancer cells release miRNAs into the bloodstream, where they exist …
Cisplatin-based first-line treatment of elderly patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: Joint analysis of MILES-3 and MILES-4 phase III tr…
2018
Purpose To test the efficacy of adding cisplatin to first-line treatment for elderly patients with advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) within a combined analysis of two parallel phase III trials, MILES-3 and MILES-4. Patients and Methods Patients with advanced NSCLC who were older than age 70 years with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0 to 1 were randomly assigned to gemcitabine or pemetrexed, without or with cisplatin. In each trial, 382 events were required to detect a hazard ratio (HR) of death of 0.75, with 80% power and two-tailed α of .05. Trials were closed prematurely because of slow accrual, but the joint database allowed us to analyze the efficacy of …