Search results for "Negative relationship"
showing 10 items of 47 documents
Competition and innovation with selective exit: an inverted-U shape relationship?
2017
This paper extends the approach of the inverted-U relationship between competition and innovation at the industry level introduced by Aghion and coauthors. We use data of Spanish manufacturing firms from the Survey of Business Strategies (ESEE) spanning 1990–2006, as well as external information on patents from the European Patent Office and US Patent Office. Instead of an inverted-U shape, we obtain an unambiguous positive relationship between competition and patents. To explain this positive relationship, we modify their theoretical model to introduce the possibility of inefficient firms facing the threat of exit when competition intensifies. The modified model may explain both a positive…
Does job design make workers happy?
2019
Using linked employer‐employee data for Finland we examine associations between job design, employee well‐being and job‐related stress. Three key findings stand out. First, in accordance with the theory of Karasek and Karasek and Theorell, job control and supervisory support are positively correlated with employee well‐being and negatively correlated with job‐related stress. Second, as predicted by theory, job demands are positively correlated with job‐related stress. Third, there is no association between job demands and employee well‐being and, contrary to expectations, neither job control nor supervisory support alleviate the negative relationship between job demands and job‐related stre…
Trading Nokia: The roles of the Helsinki vs the New York stock exchanges
2004
We use the Autoregressive Conditional Duration (ACD) framework of Engle and Russell (1998) to study the effect of trading volume on price duration (ie the time lapse between consecutive price changes) of a stock listed both in the domestic and the foreign market. As a case study we use the example of Nokia's share, which is actively traded both in the Helsinki Stock Exchange and the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). We find asymmetry in the volume-price duration relationship between the two markets. In the NYSE the negative relationship is much stronger and exists both during and outside common trading hours. Outside common trading hours no such relationship is significant in Helsinki. Based …
Varying Definitions of Abundance and Incomplete Assemblages Challenge the Generality of the Interspecific Abundance—Distribution Relationships
2011
Empirical evidence does not fully support the universal nature of the positive interspecific abundance—distribution relationship. We have earlier documented a negative relationship for butterfly species in Finland, but recently our view was again challenged using a small subset of Finnish butterflies as apparent evidence. Here we scrutinize the critique and identify some general conceptual challenges in analyses of interspecific abundance—distribution relationships. We identify the common problem that the abundance—distribution studies include only a small subset of species, and thus reveal only sample characteristics, not overall patterns in complete assemblages. Small subsets of species a…
Acogimiento en familia extensa: perfil psicosocial de las familias y de los menores acogidos
2021
[EN] Extended family foster care family is the most frequent protective measure for minors in Spain. The objectives of the present study are to analyze the family profile according to different dimensions, knowing the state of psychosocial health care of minors in foster care and study the relationship between family and minor variables. The sample consisted of 101 families and 121 minors between 6 and 17 years old (M = 10.07; DT = 3.92), living in the province of Valencia. The evaluation was carried out through individual interviews with every family. Results show good functionality of families taking into account the family climate, the level of stress, the educational styles and the supp…
How might the Socio-moral Climate Buffer Job Insecurity Stressor A Multilevel Study in Spain and Austria
2020
A major current work stressor is job insecurity, which presents a well-established negative impact on wellbeing. In this vein, the aims of this study were: 1) to provide additional evidence on this relationship; 2) to examine the socio-moral climate as a potential situational buffer to ameliorate its detrimental effect. A multilevel approach was adopted to examine the socio-moral climate at higher levels (i.e., organisational level). The sample was composed of 1,435 employees from Spain and Austria. Random coefficient model results corroborated the negative relationship between job insecurity and employee affective wellbeing, the positive relationship between job insecurity and emotional ex…
The Effect of Public Education Expenditure on Shadow Economy: A Cross-Country Analysis
2015
AbstractThis paper empirically examines whether devoting more resources to education can reduce the size of the shadow economy on a cross-section of countries. The findings show a negative relationship between public education expenditure and the size of the shadow economy, which is robust to the inclusion of different proxies for the control variables, a large set of policy variables, regional differences and endogeneity. The findings also emphasize the role of education, suggesting that public policies devoted to higher education level imply a decreasing effect on the shadow economy.
GENETIC BASIS OF THE TRADE-OFF BETWEEN OFFSPRING NUMBER AND QUALITY IN THE BANK VOLE
2004
One of the main tenets of modern life-history theory is the negative relationship (trade-off) between the number and quality of offspring produced. Theory predicts a negative genetic correlation between these traits since both are closely related to fitness of individuals. However, the genetic basis of the trade-off has only been tested to a limited extent in natural populations. We examined whether size and quality of offspring are negatively related to litter size in the bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus. First, we found a significant negative phenotypic correlation between the number and size of offspring at birth in both laboratory and field populations of the bank vole. Second, a large…
Welchen Einfluss haben unterschiedliche Vatertypen auf das Familienklima im jungen Erwachsenenalter? Eine multiperspektivische Längsschnittuntersuchu…
2018
Impact of Different Types of Fathers on Family Climate in Young Adulthood: A Multi-perspective Longitudinal Study on 14 to 27 Year Olds and their Fathers In a 13 year longitudinal study, the influence of three types of fathers on the family climate was analyzed. In a sample of 213 subjects, their 169 fathers and their 210 mothers, the family environment ( Family Environment Scales) was examined when the subjects were young adults (M = 26.89, SD = 1.32). The results of the study point to significant changes in family climate in those young adults who described their father as increasingly negative (N = 28) or distant (N = 11) when in adolescence. These two groups showed a more negative famil…
Child maltreatment and alcohol outlets in Spain: Does the country drinking culture matters?
2019
Abstract Background Alcohol outlet density has been linked to rates of substantiated maltreatment both cross-sectionally and over time. Most of these studies have been conducted in Anglo-Saxon countries, especially in the U.S., but other countries, where alcohol outlets and alcohol consumption may have different social meanings, are clearly underrepresented in the literature. Objective The aim of this study was to analyze whether alcohol outlet density is associated with neighborhood-level child maltreatment risk in a South-European city. Participants and setting A longitudinal study was conducted in the city of Valencia (Spain). As spatial units, we used 552 census block groups. Family uni…